342 – Support Positive Risk Taking For Individuals

Unit 4222-342Support optimistic lay on the run winning for undivided(a)s (HSC 3066)Out buzz off 1Understand the importance of as read victorious in fooling living 1. Explain paths in which guess is an constitutive(a) relegate of everyday bread and butterFor many batch jeopardize is an judge let on of everyday life. Every day activities such as contract qualified the bus, travelling on holiday, tactical maneuvering footb completely, setting up hearth and commencement a family altogether carry or so element of arrest a chance. venture twists a part in our health, golosh, comfortion, well- universe, employment, education, daily activities, drug ab physical exertion resources and equipment and in confederation participation.But some adults, for manni phratry dis adequated spate or older the great unwashed, ar oft sentences discouraged from pickings seeks. Traditionally they be non encouraged to manoeuvre attempts in domains such as bud pick up ing, planning, employment and daily living skills. This whitethorn be either beca delectation of their sandd limitations or fear that they or opposites top executive be harmed. Everyone has a undecomposed to bourgeon essays and fall upon closes around their populates. on that point is a proportion to be found amidst swear out drug users participation in everyday activities and your certificate of indebtedness of dispense.Changes in fri ratiocinati only if c ar and health form _or_ system of government mean that all adults ar macrocosm alertly encouraged to add-on their independence by, for example, travelling singly, and by cosmos wide-eyedy touch in mainstream society through education, work and leisure. It is unfeasible ever to fully pass away essay. It is however possible to minimise and devise for put on the line by forbidative action. To nutriment flock to live independently or to travel independently or remove part in everyday activities delegacy accepting that at that place argon risks that gougenot be avoided unless behind be minimised and prepared for.2. Explain why privateists may accommodate been discouraged or prevented from victorious risks.For disabled mint, a move out from a medical model to a companionable model of impediment now meaning that there is an violence on the discrimination and riddance created by social and cultural barriers. For some serves, attemptes to risk shake up in the preceding(a) been concerned with avoiding potential droply harmful situations to suffice users and cater. bulk may ask to take risks to carry through their aspirations but peck who need sustenance heap be discouraged from victorious risks.This may be because of their perceived limitations or because of fear that they or others might be harmed, resulting in critical analyze or compensation claims. A more irresponsible rise to risk is now being developed, recognising that in addition to pote ntially ostracise characteristics, risk victorious gage hasten positive benefits for privates, enabling them to do things which closely quite a little take for granted. peril back end be beneficial, equilibrize necessity take aims of vindication with preserving reasonable levels of choice and envision.A balance has to be achieved between the wishes of those who use assists and the common practice of law province of Care.3. Describe the links between risk-taking and province, em tycoonment and social inclusion. soulfulnessalised care is for everyone, but some mass testament need more set up than others to depict choices nigh how they live their lives. Everyone has the amend to soulfulnessalised care and as much choice and control as possible. As the pace on soulfulnessalisation is picked up it is inevitable to condition that this accepts the most vulnerable members of our society, including those who may lack efficiency.With effective mortalalisation c omes the need to read station the bacon risk for people to gear up purposes as safely as possible. crop risks kick the bucket and beneathstood is crucial to empowering inspection and repair users and carers, recognising people as experts in their possess lives. Risk tradement does not mean trying to eliminate risk. It means managing risks to maximise peoples choice and control oer their lives. True empowerment means that people might bewilder determinations assistance providers dis reserve with.If the outcomes are part of the plump for plan and all risks switch been fully reasoned and understood, this can engineer to real choice and control and a better quality of life for the person. With provide for positive risk taking it can attend the idiosyncratic togain self-confidence-achievement, development, naked as a jaybird skills and contendledgedevelop skills-goals setting, new activities, concordtake an active part in their community- involution, participati on, inclusionOutcome 2Understand the importance of a positive, somebody-centred onslaught to risk appraisal . explain the surgical process of developing a positive soul-centred approach to risk estimate Every opportunity contains risks a life without risk, is a life without opportunities, often without quality and without change. Traditional methods of risk discernment are full of charts and scoring systems, but the mortal, their objectives, dreams and life seem to get forgotten. A single centred approach revolve around on the someones rights to curb the lifestyle that they chose, including the right to make bad finiss.It is about support people and those who care about them, designate in a positive and productive way in order to achieve the changes they want date keeping the issue of risk in its place. Risk contestment is finding a balance between positive risk taking based on autonomy and independence and a policy of protection for the someone and the community based on minimising harm. Bates and Silberman give a list of 7 criteria that any such approach would wipe out to fulfil, these beingInvolvement of Service Users and Relatives in Risk Assessment. Positive and Informed Risk Taking.Proportionality.Contextualising Behaviour.Defensible Decision do.A Learning husbandry.Tolerable Risks. .2. explain how to apply the principles and methods of a person-centred approach to from severally one of the divergent stages of the process of risk judgement Working in a personalised way and developing a positive person-centred approach means accepting there are risks that cannot be avoided but which can be prepared for.Reasonable risk is about striking a balance in empowering people with support needs to make choices ensuring that the person has all the development, tailor to their specific needs, in the appropriate format, to make their best decisions Involvement of answer users and congresss in risk estimate Involving the person concerned and the people that care about them most is one of the most fundamental tenets of any person centred approach.The process uses the Relationship Circle to jockstrap the person and their allies identify diagnose people who could form the persons circle of support. This group of people is involved from the outset, in the initial conclave of information, in the framing of what the risk under discussion actually is, in thought that generates ideas and solutions, in evaluating these solutions, in decision devising around the risk, in implementing the actions and in the breeding that takes place during these actions.Staff moldiness read what assistant users and others want, how they view their testify risks and what responsibilities each person has in managing risks effectively. The soulfulness Centred Approach put ups this by asking for a clear look of what the person wishes to achieve, why this is classic to the person, what success would look like, a history of the risk and uses the doughnut tool and decision making agreement tools to look at staff roles and responsibilities, and at who forget be trusty for different in-chief(postnominal) decisions in congenator to the risk. Positive and intercommunicate risk taking The process is built around a positive view of the person it seeks to learn what the persons gifts and skills are, what people like and admire about them, as well as examine what would be necessary to keep them and others safe while taking the risk. The process is based on finding creative solutions rather than simply impression things out.Bates and Silberman argue here that quality of life should be maximised while people and communities are kept as safe as can be reasonably expected in spite of appearance a free society sen meternt around what it would take to keep the person and others safe while taking the risk is a key part of the Positive and Productive Process, as is the use of the Happy/Safe grid, which looks at how m uch solutions would make the person happy, by meeting what is all- primary(prenominal)(prenominal) to them, and how much they would keep them and others safe, by meeting what is authorized for them. One section of the process includes a question What does the law say? enabling the process to be informed by the online law, including enactment such as the humanity Rights influence. Proportionality The management of the risk must crack the gravity of potential harm Using the person centred idea tools means flexibility. The more serious the issue, the more people and the more clock can be spent considering it in greater detail. Unlike conventional risk opinion, the approach explores the consequences of NOT taking the risk, to the person, to their family, community and run, balancing these against the potential consequences of taking the risk. Contextualising Behaviour why did the person behave in this way? At this time? In this Situation? Part of the process involves gather ing together prior information about the person, including a history of the persons bewilder of the risk issue from their own perspective, as well as other historical data, gleaned from a variety of sources including acquire logs which look at what has worked and what has not worked in particular situations, and parley charts which explore a persons words and demeanours, pursuance their meanings and considering what the best answer to these messages should be.The 4+1 Questions (What have we tried? what have we learned? What are we pleased about? what are we concerned about? ) help not solely to gain an understanding of a persons behavior in different contexts, but besides to build a picture of what has been learned about what is the best support for that person. Defensible Decision Making there is an explicit and justifiable rationale for the risk management decisions followers the person centred approach generates a clear trail of written discs of what has been discussed , the different perspectives, issues and solutions that have been considered, along with any legal issues, such as the gentle rights act or the mental health act that might mint the risk decision. The paperwork generated during the process provides a clear rationale for why the decisions that generate up during the process have been interpreted, and why other options have been rejected.The rationale for decision making is also more cl early(a) expounded and recorded than in traditional risk perspicacity forms in common usage. A Learning Culture The positive and productive approach to risk has a deep emphasis inside it on ongoing learning using learning and wistful tools like the learning log, the 4+1 Questions and Whats Working/Whats not work, and by clearly defining for staff their core duties and their zone of judgement and creativity in congeneric to the risk.If it is part of a serious and concerted try on by services to change their philosophy and practice in a person centred direction, it can contribute significantly to building a learning culture within memorial tablets. Tolerable Risks A key aspect of the Person Centred Approach is that it uses creative thinking techniques around methods to mitigate the risk and remedy quality of life, moving from situations which make the person happy but unsafe, to where they and the community are safer, and from strategies where the person is safe but unhappy, to where they can be happier.Experience of using the process is that it enables participants to take a more balanced and rational approach to risk, finding ways to enable the person to achieve what is classical to them while considering what keeps that person and the community safe in a way that makes sense for that individual. 3. explain how a service pore approach to risk judging would differ from a person centred approach A risk assessment can only identify the probability of harm, assess the impact of it on the individuals, and pose intervent ion strategies which may diminish the risk or lose weight the harm.Assessments cannot prevent risk. Risk is a normal and often beneficial part of everyday life, but while it enables learning and understanding, in the case of potentially destructive consequences it may need to be monitored and restricted. Traditional methods of risk assessment are full of charts and scoring systems, but the person, their objectives, dreams and life seem to get lost somewhere in the pages of tick boxes and statistics. A service foc utilise approach seeks to avoid all risks as far as possible.Staff would be expected to behave and act in a synchronised way with regards risk, not taking into account the individuals wishes. It has no flexibility and is not a responsive approach to meet peoples changing circumstances. A service centred approach to risk assessment would be guided by a regular procedure and can compromise individuals rights to make choices and take risks. Often concerns about minimising an d attempting to eliminate risks are in the interests of the organisation, but not necessarily in the interests of the person they are attempting to support.A person centred approach seeks to focus on peoples rights to have the lifestyle that they chose, including the right to make bad decisions. Person centred planning, requires that staff have a flexible and responsive approach to meet peoples changing circumstances, guided by the principles of good planning rather than a standard procedure. Staff need to be constantly problem solving in assistantship with the person and their family and friends. Person centred planning seeks to develop a better, shared understanding of the person and her situation.A person centred approach to risk taking will find the balance between what is important to the person, their aspirations and the supports that they require. 4. identify the consequences for individuals of a service focused approach to risk-assessment. Risk is a normal and often benefic ial part of everyday life. Risk taking can have positive benefits for individuals, enabling them to do things which most people take for granted. While risk taking enables learning and understanding, in the case of potentially destructive consequences, it may need to be monitored and restricted.The problem with a service focused approach to risk assessment, is it reduces an individuals independence and can reduce the positive benefits for the individual. A service focused approach to risk taking tends to have a negative focus on what the individual is not able to do or what they cannot achieve and has a limited outlook on identifying the benefits of positive, person-centred risk assessment. It does not empower the individual or encourage independence.Outcome 3Understand the legal and policy role model underpinning an individuals right to make decisions and take risks . explain how economy, subject and topical anaesthetic policies and guidance provide a framework for decision maki ng which can support an individual to have control over their own lives There are many Legislation and policies which make headway the human rights of individuals which support the individuals right to make their own decisions and to take risks. nigh are as follows The Equality be 2010 is the law which bans inequitable preaching and helps achieve equal opportunities in the workplace and in wider society.The act replaced previous anti-discrimination laws with a single act to make the law simpler and to remove inconsistencies. This makes the law easier for people to understand and comply with. Theact also strengthened protection in some situations. Theact covers nine protected characteristics, which cannot be used as a reason to treat people unfairly. Every person has one or more of the protected characteristics, so theact protects everyone against unfair intercession. They protected characteristicsareAge Disabilitygender reassignmentmarriage and civil partnershippregnancy and ma ternityracereligion or beliefsexsexual orientationHuman Rights Act 1998 The Human Rights Act means that residents of the United Kingdom will now be able to seek help from the salutes if they believe that their human rights have been infringed. It is probably that anyone running(a) within health and social care will be working within the provision of the Human Rights Act, which guarantees the following rightsThe Right to life The right to license from torture and inhuman or degrading punishmentThe right to freedom from slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labourThe right to freedom and security of personThe right to a fair and public trial within a reasonable timeThe right to freedom from retrospective criminal law and no punishment without lawThe right to respect for private and family life, home and correspondenceThe right to freedom of thought, conscience and religionThe right to freedom of expressionThe right to freedom of assembly and associationThe right to marry a nd found a familyThe prohibition of discrimination in the fun of convention rightsThe right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions and protection of propertyThe right to memory approaching to an educationThe right to free electionsThe right not to be subjected to the death penalty rational substance Act 2005 The MCA applies to England and Wales. The primary purpose of the MCA is to promote and safeguard decision-making within a legal framework.It does this in two waysBy empowering people to make decisions for themselves wherever possible and by protecting people who lack capacity by providing a flexible framework that places individuals at the heart of the decision making processBy offering people to plan ahead for a time in the future when they might lack the capacity for any number of reasons Mental Capacity and Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards 2005.The safeguards provide a framework for benediction the departure of indecorousness for people who lack the capacity to consen t to sermon or care in either a hospital or are home that, in their own best interests, can only be provided in circumstances that amount to a deprivation of liberty. The safeguards legislation contains detailed requirements about when and how deprivation of liberty may be authorised. It provides for an assessment process that must be undertaken before deprivation of liberty may be authorised and detailed ar epitomements for renewing and challenging the authorisation of deprivation of liberty. The Code of Practice contains guidance on the deprivation of liberty safeguards.It is oddly intend to provide guidance for sea captains involved in administering and delivering the safeguards, who are under a duty to have regard to the Code. The Code is also intended to provide information for people who are, or could become, subject to the deprivation of liberty safeguards, and for their families, friends and carers, as well as for anyone who believes that someone is being deprived of thei r liberty unlawfully. Mental Health Act 2007 amends the Mental Health Act 1983 and the Mental Capacity Act 2005.It introduces significant changes which includeIntroduction of superintend Community Treatment. This new power replaces supervised discharge with a power to return the patient to hospital, where the person may be forcibly medicated, if the medication regime is not being complied with in the community.Redefining professional roles broadening the range of mental health professionals who can be responsible for the treatment of patients without their consent.Nearest relative making it possible for some patients to appoint a civil partner as nearest relative. Definition of mental disorder introduce a new definition of mental disorder throughout the Act, abolishing previous categoriesCriteria for involuntary commitment introduce a requirement that someone cannot be detained for treatment unless appropriate treatment is unattached and remove the treatability test.Mental Hea lth Review tourist court (MHRT) improve patient safeguards by taking an order-making power which will allow the current time limit to be varied and for automatic referral by hospital managers to the MHRT. Introduction of independent mental health advocates (IMHAs) for qualifying patients.Electroconvulsive Therapy may not be given to a patient who has capacity to renounce consent to it, and may only be given to an incapacitated patient where it does not mesh with any advance directive, decision of a beneficiary or deputy or decision of the Court of Protection. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 is in response to the Bichard Inquiry 2005, into the failings around the Ian Huntley case.The SVG act is intended to prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable people and to reform current vetting and barring practices. The act sets out a legal framework for the free-lance Safeguarding Authority (ISA) scheme which was to be introduced in 2009 (but is currently under revi ew as a result of the 2010 General Election). Valuing race (Department of Health, 2001) was the commencement ceremony government activity White Paper on learning disabilities in England for 30 years.It stresses the important role that Person Centred Planning can play in helping people with learning thornyies take charge of their own lives. The Guidance (Department of Health, 2002) accented that Person Centred Planning is not a professional activity make to people instead people themselves and their friends, families or other allies, must lead it. However, professional services still have an enormous role to play in responding in a more person centred way to people with learning difficulties. For 2009 -10 the key priorities include to look that the Personalisation agenda is embedded within all local authority services and developments for people with learning disabilities and their family carers, and is underpinned by person centred planning. Valuing People Now, is the refre sh of this white paper in 2009 and is a new three-year strategy for people with learning disabilities (2009), DH and clearly state that good person centred planning should be happening, and will lead to better lives for people.Putting People outset A shared vision and commitment to the transformation of Adult affable Care (2007), Department of Health. In the UK the government policy Putting People First stated that person centred planning must become mainstream. Putting People First appreciates that person-centred planning and self-directed support are central to delivering personalisation and exploit choice and control. In 2010 guidance was issued to help councils use person centred thinking and planning to deliver the personalisation agenda.Putting People First is a public service reform programme, which is co-produced, co-developed and will be co- prised. It recognises that to achieve real change, users and carers must participate at every stage. This marks a change in vie w of people who use services, from consumers to co-producers. set out four areas on which councils and their partners should focus in order to personalise services. These areas are universal services transport, leisure, health, education, living accommodations and access to information and advice * choice and control shaping services to meet peoples needs, rather than shaping people to fit in with the services on offer * social capital care and support that individuals and their carers can get from their local community (friends, family, neighbours or community groups) and * early intervention and prevention support that is available for people who need help to stay independent for as long as possible, to keep their home or garden tidy, or to start taking regular exercise. 2. escribe how a human rights based approach supports an individual to make decisions and take risks. A human rights based approach (HRBA) to risk management means ensuring individuals know their rights and a re being supported to participate in making choices and decisions. A human rights based approach to risk assessment balances the human rights of service users, their carers, and members of their communities. This is so risks can be managed more positively. A HRBA looks at risk through a Human Rights lens, identifies relevant equality and diversity issues, and maximises service user participation and empowerment.A human rights based approach to risk, means ensuring service users are as involved as they can maybe be in their own risk assessment process. Whether the service user participates fully or contributes to a small aspect of their risk assessment, some involvement will almost endlessly be possible. The ways in which you peradventure apply this in your work practice is through things such as advocacy, direct payments, personalised services, person centred planning and support planning. Outcome 4 Be able to support individuals to make decisions about risks 1. upport an individ ual to recognise potential risk in different areas of their life 2. support the individual to balance choices with their own and others health, safety and Wellbeing Positive risk taking is a process which starts with the identification of potential benefit or harm. The coveted outcome is to encourage and support people in positive risk taking to achieve personal change or growth. The individuals could face risks in many different areas of their life including, risks relating to their health, their social life and also their finance and it is important to support the individual to recognise those potential risks.The risk assessment looks at four areas of risk risks to self, risks to others and risks from other and risks to property. Within each area of risk, common risk issues and difficulties (for example self harm, physical aggression, abuse issues) are itemised. It is also important that the individual realises that although they have a right to take risks they also have a inde btedness towards themselves and others, includingColleaguesFamilies or carersFriendsOther professionalsMembers of the publicAdvocatesAnd it is important that whilst maximize their quality of life they also need to maintain their safety, responsibilities to themselves and others for social randy and physical reasons. Supporting an individual to recognise potential risks whilst balancing the choices with their own and others health, safety and well-being involvesEmpowering people to access opportunities and take worthwhile chances.Understanding the persons perspective of what they will gain from taking risks and understanding what they will lose if they are prevented from taking the risk. Ensuring the individual understanding the consequences of different actions An informed choice means that a person has the information and support to think the choice through and to understand what the reasonably expected consequences may be of making that choice.Helping the individual to make dec isions based on all the choices available and accurate information It is important to remember that too much information can be oppressive and individuals have differing needs in relation to how information is presented to them.Being positive about risk taking. Understanding a persons strengths and finding creative ways for people to be able to do things rather than ruling them out.Knowing what has worked or not in the past and where problems have arisen, understanding whysupporting people who use services to learn from their experiences.ensuring support and advocacy is availablesometimes supporting short term risks for long-term gains.ensuring that services provided promote independence not dependenceassuming that people can make their own decisions (in line with the Mental Capacity Act) and supporting people to do so working in partnership with adults who use services, family carers and advocates and recognise their different perspectives and viewsdeveloping an understanding of t he responsibilities of each partypromoting trusting working relationships. 3. describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may adjoin working practice when supporting an individual to take risks Giving people who use services choice and control over the care they contact is important if personalisation is to become a reality.The responsibility for encouragingrisk-taking can make you smack they are being put in a difficult position trying to balance personalisation with your own values and beliefs and also your duty to keep people safe. Because of your own past experiences you may feel that the risks involved, will result in problems, but you should not let this interfere with the individuals desires. Because you had a bad experience following a division of action does not necessarily mean this will happen to others. An example could be an individual wanting to join a lonely police van club.Your own thought may be negative towards this course of action, by chance beca use you have personally had a bad experience or possibly because you feel this is not the best way to meet people. Your beliefs and experiences should not stain the issue. It is important that you feel confident and equipped to support people you are caring for to assess and evaluate their own risks. Advice is readily available when veneering difficult cases in the form of risk enablement plug-ins, which can share responsibility for making complex decisions when signing off a persons support plan.The panel would usually involve the individual or any advocates or carers representing them members of the local safeguarding adults board the allocated social worker and specialists such as a psychiatrist.4. record all discussions and decisions made relating to supporting the individual to take risks. It is important to ensure that any discussions and decisions made relating to supporting the individual to take risks or concerning risks, are recorded in their support plan. Records will need to be understandable to all the members of the team.The aim of record keeping is to ensure that the right people have the right information to provide the best care for the service user and they also provide a record of what you and the individual have discussed and decided with regards risk taking. The records should also record any incidents which have taken place. The reason for keeping the records areTo show that you have offered the individual choicesTo show that you have agreed the desire outcomesTo show that the individual has given their consent.This is important for two very important reasons Responsibility The records will indicate who is responsible for what parts of the plan, this avoids confusion as everyone is clear of what their responsibilities are (Responsibility (for) can be defined as a set of tasks or functions that an employer, professional body, court of law or some other recognised body can legitimately demand. ) Accountability means the person is con tractually accountable to their employer and also accountable to the law, for any actions or ommissions in their practice and must of all time be able to justify their decisions.When work is being either distributed or delegated, the individual who carries it out needs to be competent to do so. competency is an individuals ability to effectively apply knowledge, understanding, skills and values within a designated scope of practice. (Accountability describes the mechanism by which failure to exercise responsibility may produce sanctions such as warnings, disciplining, suspension, criminal prosecution, or deregistration from professional status. It can be called answerability).Where a professional or organisation makes a decision not to support an individual to pursue a particular decision or course of action, they must be able to explain this and demonstrate that they have thought through and discussed in a balanced and proportional way the potential consequences of refusing to supp ort the risk Where the individual is able to make an informed choice and still wishes to pursue a high risk decision or choice, having a signed risk assessment is one way of showing that they are aware of the risks and are willing to take them.This provides organisations and professionals with a significant layer of protection for their support of the decision should things go wrong.Outcome 5Be able to support individuals to take risks 1. complete a risk assessment with an individual following agreed ways of working Risk assessment is the activity of collecting information through observation, communication and investigation.It is an ongoing process that involves considerable persistence and skill to assemble and manage relevant information in ways that become meaningful for the users of services (and significant other people) as well as the practitioners involved in delivering services and support. To be effective it needs disabled adults and older people, their families, carers, advocates and practitioners to move and talk to each other about decisions that have been taken and their appropriateness in the light of experience.Where a risk assessment is needed, a decision then has to be taken about whether or not positive risk-taking is necessary to achieve certain outcomes for the person concerned. It will not always be appropriate to take positive risks but this has to be fixed in partnership with the person affected, and their family where appropriate. It is a professional judgement that should not be influenced by an overly cautious approach to risk. At the corresponding time though, positive risk-taking is not negligent ignorance of the potential risks nobody benefits from allowing risks to play their course through to disaster. . communicate the content of the risk assessment to others It is important to communicate and work in a consistent way with all those supporting the individual. Information gathering and sharing is important. It is not just an requisite part of risk assessment and management, but also key to identifying a risk in the offset place. It is important to communicate the content of the risk assessment to all relevant staff. It will also be important to discuss and explain the risk assessment with the individuals carer and family.The individuals goals and targets should be discussed with all concerned, to aid understanding regards the risk assessment and to ensure all those involved are aware of the desired outcomes. However, the use and sharing of information must respect the principles outlined in the info Protections Act 1998.3. support the individual to take the risk for which the assessment has been perfect Once the support plan has been completed and the risks defined it is important to support the individual to take the risks. This may involve discussing the risk assessment in depth with the individuals family.The individuals desired outcomes could conflict with those of carers, especially when the latter placed more emphasis on safety while the individual was prepared to accept a greater level of risk in order to maintain independence. Differences in attitudes to risk had to be tackled through good social work, to reinforce the individuals preferences while helping the family to distinguish between unconventional and dangerous behaviours. other way of supporting the individual to take the risk in the first instance, could involve a trial run.An example could be where the individual wants to make an independent trip in to town using public transport.On the first trip you could accompany the individual on each step of the journey.On the sec trip, you could accompany them to the town and then arrange to meet with them later in the day.On the third trip, you may just accompany them to the bus stop. Gradually you can reduce the amount of support you provide. Another method of support could be to have a accident plan in case things applyt quite go according to plan.If we look again at the last scenario, what would happen if the individual missed the last bus home? By ensuring they have a pre-arranged telephone number of their next of kin or carer they can make them aware of the problem. Alternatively they may have the telephone number of the local mini cab office who would bring them home as an alternative. It is also important that the individual knows what to do if things do go wrong. You can support them to take risks by ensuring they have clear information and advice about what to do if they have any concerns.For example they should be aware of and be able to recognise and identify abuse or neglect and know where and how they should seek help if necessary. Your support doesnt end once the risk assessment has been carried out. 4. review and revise the risk assessment with the individual After each risk assessment has been agreed it is important that it is monitored and reviewed in case any revisions are necessary. Risks may change as circumstances cha nge, so they should be reviewed regularly. An assessment is a snapshot, whereas a risk assessment is an ongoing thing.Risk assessments should be reviewed periodically and whenever circumstances change to ensure they remain current. At the time the risk assessment is made it should include the signatures of everyone involved in the assessment and a review date should be identified. It is important to review and revise risk assessments so that the success of the positive risk taking can be assessed and any necessary adjustments can be made. It may be necessary for the individual to have access to further resources to enhance the plan or adaptations could be made to help the individual meet their be after outcomes.When positive risk-taking has a negative consequence, it is necessary to identify what has gone wrong and how the assessment and management of the risk contributed to this. unavoidably if we are supporting individuals to have more choice and control in their lives through p ositive approaches to managing risk, things are likely to go wrong from time to time. If this happens and the risk taken results in a negative outcome for the individual, there is no doubt that the risk taking process will come under scrutiny and the way in which this process worked to minimise the predictable risks will be considered.If the risks taken do not meet the planned outcomes for the individual then they may have to be reviewed and revised. 5. evaluate with the individual how taking the identified risk has contributed to their well-being. Well-being describes the way we think and feel about ourselves and others, our confidence, and our ability to control things in our life. We all need to protect our wellbeing and this can be done by taking part in physical activity and having opportunities for relaxation and social activities. These can increase our resilience to cope with lifes difficulties and ability to enjoy life.You will need to evaluate, with the individual, how ta king the identified risks has contributed to their well-being and quality of life. This will involve looking at the positive and the negative consequences and outcomes of their choices. Has taking the risks met the individuals needs and achieved their desired outcomes. Taking the identified risks should result in the individual feeling authorise and having greater independence, control and a sense of normality about their lives. By supporting an individual to take positive risks, it can help them to evaluate alternative courses of action and can build confidence.The experience of failure, as a result of risk taking in a safe environment, can help to build resilience to setbacks and help individuals to manage risk better in the future.Outcome 6Understand duty of care in relation to supporting positive risk-taking 1. explain how the principle of duty of care can be maintained while supporting individuals to take risks Ultimately, you have a statutory duty of care and a responsibility not to agree to a support plan if there are serious concerns that it will not meet an individuals needs or if it places an individual in a dangerous situation.Whilst an individual can choose voluntarily to live with a level of risk and is entitled to do so (with the law treating that person as having consented to the risk) the local authority is not oblige to fund it. There is an important distinction between putting people at risk and enabling them to choose to take reasonable risks. of necessity if we are supporting individuals to have more choice and control in their lives through positive risk taking, things may go wrong from time to time.A defensible decision is one where those involved in the risk assessing processUsed reliable assessment methodsActed responsibly in relation to their duty of careWere not negligentAssessed and took steps to manage and minimise foreseeable risksRecorded decisions and subsequently analyse they were carried outFollowed policies, procedures and guidanceInvolved the person and other relevant people in the processSupported people to make informed decisionsIdentification of positive and negative risksInvolvement of people who use services and those who are important to them this includes people who form the individuals informal circle of support, who are involved from the beginning to gather information, define what the risks are from the individuals point of view and to discuss ways to enable and manage these risks. Positive and informed risk-taking this is built on a strengths-based approach to the person and looks at creative ways for people to be able to do things rather than ruling them out. Proportionality this means that the time and effort spent on managing a risk should match the severity of that risk.The approach should also explore the consequence of not taking the risk in question, such as loss of autonomy or restriction of choice. Contextualising behaviour this means knowing about the persons history and soci al environment, their previous experience of risk, what has and has not worked in previous situations. Defensible decision making this means recording a clear rationale for all the decisions made and the discussions that led to the decisions, including reference to relevant legislation such as the Mental Capacity Act or the Human Rights Act. A learning culture this require a commitment to ongoing learning and the use of reflective practice for people working at the frontline. Tolerable risks this involves negotiating and balancing issues of risk and safety to identify what is acceptable for everyone concerned (the individual and others including the community) on a case by case basis.2. describe what action to take if an individual decides to take an unplanned risk that places him/herself or others in straightaway or imminent danger. Imminent danger refers to any danger or dangerous condition that would not normally take place. If you think an individual is about to take an unpla nned risk which will place them or others in immediate or imminent danger it is important to take appropriate corrective and preventative action and stop the activity immediately. An individual who is injuring himself/herself or is threatening physical harm to others may be hushed in an emergency to safeguard the individual and others. Risk assessments should include contingency measures that address risks arising from unplanned events.Physical intervention isA method of responding to the challenging behaviour of people with a learning disability and/or autism, which involves some degree of direct physical force. Physical intervention may be the only course of action. Staff should be equipped with a range of skills to recognize with and de-escalate potentially violent situations, as well as a range of restraint techniques that will allow for use of the minimum level of force possible. Physical intervention is only used in response to challenging behaviour and to restrict the move ment and mobility of the person concerned.