Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius

Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma buniusA Biflavone and a Plant Sterol Isolated from Antidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng.Ivan L. Lawagai,* Suad Naheedb, Mohammed Mosihuzzamanc, Allan, Patrick G. Macabeoadeg, Erickson Paragasefk, Peter Prokschh, Alicia M. AguinaldoaegKeywords Antidesma, Antidesma bunius, Amentoflavone, Betasitosterol, biflavone, sterols1. Subject and rootAntidesma bunius (Linn.) Spreng. (Euphrbiaceae) bignay is a common sic found throughout the Philippines. The bark is fell as it determines an alkaloid thus, is used medicinally. The leaves are acidic and diaphoretic, and, when young, these are boiled with pot-herbs, and sedulous by the natives in syphilitic infections (Quisumbing, 1978). The leaves are sudorific and are use in treating snakebite in Asia (Morton, 1987). The leaves of Antidesma bunius, commonly known as bignay, are traditionally used by native Filipinos to control diabetes (Lawag et al., 2012).Fresh leaves were collected from the hi lls of Brgy. Agustin Navarra, Ivisan, windowpane oyster Province in January 2009. The plant was identify by Asst. Prof. Rosie A. Madulid and a coupon specimen (USTH 5357) is deposited at the UST Herbarium, Botany Laboratory, Research Center for the Natural and utilise Sciences, University of Santo Tomas (UST), Manila, Philippines.2. Previous workDammara-20, 24-dien-3-ol and friedelin were isolated from the stem and leaves of A. bunius (Hui and Sung, 1968). In 2008, Samappito and Butkhup identified the flavonoids catechin, Procyanidin B1 and Procyanidin B2 from the fruits and Gallic acid, quercetin, catechin and epicatechin were also detected from the fruits of A. bunius (Santiago et al., 2005).3. Present study3.1. Extraction and isolation arid and ground leaves Antidesma bunius (1610 g) were sublimateed with 80% ethanol to yield a green dulcet extract (240.0 g) which was subjected to vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) development solvents of increasing polarity scratch with hexane, hexane-dichloromethane (11), dichloromethane, dichloromethane -ethyl acetate (11), ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate-methanol (11), and methanol to give heptad fractions. The fifth fraction (4.04 g) was further fractionated twice on silica colloidal gel packed on VLC using solvents of increasing polarity starting from hexane and cease with methanol giving five fractions each, respectively. Fraction trine which was purified twice on silica gel using hexane-dichloromethane (11) and hexane-dichloromethane (955) furnished 1 (16.13 mg).Isolation of 2 the fourth fraction (12.34 g) after VLC was chromatographed on silica gel using 5-10% gradients of methanol in dichloromethane to give ten fractions. Fraction three (42.3 mg) was further purified using Sephadex LH20 using 20% gradients of methanol in DCM to give 2 (5.9 mg).(1)(2)3.2. Identification of purified compoundsThe compounds were identified as Stigmast-5-en-3-ol or -sitosterol, a plant sterol, (1) (Balamurugan et al., 2012) and (Sosinska, et al., 2013) and 3,8-biapigenin (Amentoflavone), a biflavone (2) (Chari et al., 1977) and (Ryu et al., 2010) on the basis of their IR, LR-EIMS, LR-ESIMS and NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HMBC and HSQC) spectral data and by comparison of spectra reports with the literature.4. Chemotaxonomic significanceOther Antidesma species like A. menasu (Risvi et al., 1980a), (Risvi et al., 1980b) and A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004), (Kikuchi, 1983) are known to contain plant sterols. A. puncticulatum is known to contain flavonoids (Nuengchamnong and Ingkaninan, 2009), while A. laciniatum was inform to contain both plant sterols and flavonoids (Tchinda et al., 2006).The isolation process that was playly preformed on the ethanolic leaf extract of A. bunius afforded compounds 1 and 2 which were coherent to the compounds that were previously isolated or inform from the other Antidesma species. Although the said compounds were reported for the very first time in A. bunius, compo und 1 was also reported to be present in A. pentandrum (Chen et al., 2004) and in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006), while compound 2 was reported to be present in A. laciniatum (Tchinda et al., 2006). This further establishes the chemotaxonomic relationship of A. bunius towards the other species of the genus Antidesma.Although plant sterols (Hui and Sung, 1968) and biflavones (Samappito and Butkhup, 2008), (Santiago et al., 2005) were previously reported in the leaf and bark extracts A. bunius, this is the first report that indicated the presence of -sitosterol (1) and Amentoflavone (2). Compounds 1 and 2 therefore add up to the list of isolated and identified compounds from the leaves of A. bunius.ReferencesQuisumbing, E., 1978. Medicinal Plants of the Philippines. Katha Publishing Inc., Quezon City, Philippines.Balamurugan, R., Stalin, A. and Ignacimuthu, S., 2012. European Journal of Medicinal interpersonal chemistry 47, 38 43.Chari, V. M., Ilyas, M., Wagner, H., Neszmelyi, A., Chen, F., Chen, L., Lin, Y., Lin, Y., 1977. Phytochemistry 16, 1273 1278.Chen, Y.C. Cheng, M.J. Lee, S.J. Dixit, A.K., Ishikawa, T., Tsai, I.L. Chen, I.S., 2004. 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B., Jeong, H. J., Kima, J. H., Kima, Y. M., Park, J., Kim, D., Naguyen, T.T.H., Park, S., Chang, J. S., Park, K. H., Rho, M., Lee, W. S., 2010. Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry 18, 7940 7947.Tchinda, A.. Teshome, A. Dagne, E. Arnold, N. Wessjohann, L., 2006. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 20 (2), 325 328.Current AffiliationsiChemistry Department, Adamson University, Ermita, Manila, Philippines.jJinnah University for Women, Nazimabad, Karachi, PakistankDepartment of Chemistry, Washington domain University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA* Corresponding author. E-mail address*emailprotected (I.L. Lawag)