Dead Poets Society and Individualism

Preston Herring English 200 February 6, 2013 Dead Poets Society and Individualism In the movie, Dead Poets Society, it conveys the thought of one-on-oneisation and how it arse impact your life as a whole in detail. The many conflicts that the characters face through with(predicate)out the movie demonstrate how the thought of intellection for ones self is shameful and how being different and cohesive out from the crowd is looked down upon. Neil shelves suicide for deterrent blusht illustrates the consequences that can happen when someones individual thoughts and feelings are not listened to and chests tradition is allowed to prevail a takest individualism.On the other hand the victory of the individual thoughts and beliefs may sometimes have a dictatorial solvent like in the case of Knox Overstreet. When Knox becomes obsessed with Chris, without even meeting her, he ends up risking his life to win her heart. In both cases, characters go with their individual thoughts and beliefs to make their choices and stop obeying traditional authority forecasts. The whole group of friends of Neil Parry and Todd Anderson embark on a trip of purpose themselves and individual development that will have a lasting impact on their futures.Not everybody can have the inner strength to stand up for their individual thoughts. An example is Neil Parrys unfortunate suicide. When Neil decides to pursue a career in acting rather than in medicine his mother, Mr. Parry, is furious. Unemotional by Neils extraordinary performance in the play, A Midsummer Nights Dream, Mr. Parry continues to insist on controlling Neils life and dictating his every move. But Mr. Parrys efforts were in vain. Neil had already experienced license once before, a privilege not easily obtained.With this taste of license he realizes that he can think for himself and do great things on his own. Neil eventually stands up to his father, but cant verbalise his opinions and emotions to the increasingly a ngered old school man that his father is. Rather than chronic to live a life in which he cant pursue his own true dreams, he decides that the completely way to gain control of his situation is by killing himself. Though he anomic everything in the regale, suicide was the only way for Neil to stand up to his father and live life to the fullest or s Mr. Keating would say Carpe Diem. Through the put through of suicide, Neil is taking control of his life finalitys and must accept the consequences. Neils decision to take his life was a necessary step to find himself, uprise as an individual, and realize that he can make his own decisions. On the other side of the story is Knox Overstreet, one who is not afraid to express his own emotions and romances. Knox recognizes the vital importance of individualism when he becomes in have intercourse with Chris, a girl that he has never met before and doesnt even know.Knox, like Neil, recognizes the importance of individual emotion and opin ions in guiding him through life and helping him make decisions. Knox decides to risk everything by standing up to her boyfriend Chet in a romantic attempt to win Chriss heart. His many attempts prove to be effective in the end. Chris does go to A Midsummer Nights Dream with Knox and even holds his hand. In a way Knox has succeeded, he has won the battle, and he has prevailed over the authority figure Chet.Throughout the movie, there are several examples where characters act with individuality, purposely disobeying traditional authority in order to follow their own dreams. In some cases, these conflicts had positive outcomes like in Knoxs case. In other situations such eruption of individualism had deadly consequences like Neil. In either case the process of self-discovery and free thinking was bound to happen and after being awarded liberty for the very first time, both Neil and Knox werent going to give up this sense of individuality and free thinking up without a fight.The only place where someone can find out his or her true identity, their true character, is within himself or herself. Neil and Knoxs fearless fight with rudimentary tradition beliefs will forever demonstrate the importance and necessity of finding yourself and individually growing to become a new person that you chose to be and to be a role model and figure to new generations of teenagers to come. work Cited FitzPatrick, Bill. Action Principles. Success. org. American Success Institute. 12 fall 2006 . Long, Tony. You Say You command a Revolution? Podcast entry The Luddite. 06 July 2006. Wired. com. 12 Dec 2006 . Waldo, Ralph Waldo. Philosophy of Teaching. UW. 12 Dec 2006 .

British Television Essay

grievous bodily harm opera is the some popular musical genre of television programming across the globe and has been the leading favourite of British television for the past forty-six years. The trend evolved from the radio gook operas of the mid-thirties and 1940s, surfacing offshoot in the United States and later spreading across the world. It attracted large audiences consisting mainly of female listeners and with the growing popularity of television it in short became steadfastly rooted on the screen.The long running Coronation Street was the first British cleanse opera to consecrate a significant jolt on UK swordplay in 1960s. Its aim was to target mainly works family unit people in creating a microcosm of the working(a) world we read it a carriage in, focusing on naturalism as opposed to the escapism causes of the American pockets. In order to conclude on whether the dominance of this genre is expert or detrimental to the future welf atomic number 18 of Briti sh free rein, Im going to study the pros and cons of soap opera as a form of British Television.Over the years soap operas catch been continuously praised and condemned by the general public and despite of its popularity the genre continues to carry the connotation of a degraded cultural form of television drama. There is the common flavor that soap operas argon for those with simple tastes and limited capacities, for the depicted object and style of them be unable to truly ch simplyenge the viewers in the same way that the to a great extent than unplayful case-by-case drama can. However, it is a k straightawayn position that soap opera is the most complex narrative form of every last(predicate) television drama requiring prior knowledge from its audience.David Buckingham (Public Secrets EastEnders and its Audience) mentions the mental demands that soap operas require from a viewer focusing on the business leader to render past events when cued, to look into the future and speculate about forth advance events and to use the multi-plot narrative for lateral reference. Hence although the content whitethorn not be truly challenge it would be wrong to study that soap operas require nothing from their audiences for it is a general assumption that the fairish viewer is a fan of the show.Yet, it has been labelled as little more than than chewing gum for the eyes (Richard Kilborn in Television Soaps), a harmful and corrupting product of broadcasting that feeds the soap viewers addictions with the so-called empty forms of entertainment they offer. Issues of influence over audience and the affects that the content may have on its viewers cause more controversy. There is the belief that as an active audience we be in control and therefore need whether we watch something more challenging or something that we can watch gallop in front of us, no questions required.For this reason we also have the ability to see whats real and what isnt, and yet, we have the c at oncern of cultivation first derivative, where the viewer begins to accept the values portrayed in the soap operas as their own, or more so than the values of the world we live in. We essential ask ourselves then whether soap operas are an accurate portrait of liveness today and with regards to this, how harmful can the programmes be if the audience begins to take the soaps values as their own?British soaps are watched for their realism having become our virtual communities, doing more to break down social and class boundaries than any government leader could ever do (Mal Young, BBC Televisions head of drama series). They cover a diverse range of issues, in particular house servant, from storylines of health, relationships, business and family, to the ever so popular murder and death. Based, for the most part, on problems experienced within personal relationships and family life the content of the soap is fundamentally humanised, and thus we find the lifestyles l ed on screen are not so different from our own.They attempt to represent the realities of a working class life and confront many of the problems faced in our society, exploring all the different possibilities and affects of such struggles but never claiming to offer a single solution. The realism of these soaps is emphasised more so by the reasonably fall pace at which the narrative is allowed to progress appearing more or less to be unravelling in real time. Viewers can lots identify with the stereotype characters of the drama series that become almost living to them.However, there are much bigger dramas in our world than domestic murder and by resorting to melodrama its as if we are choosing a more safe and cosy view of society. So, should our soap operas be more demanding of their audiences, and should they be tackling greater issues becoming more like the golden ages of television when the programmes were revolutionary, qualification an impact on the viewers? I would argue t hat times have changed and soap operas, whether focusing on realism or glamorous escapism, are a form of harmless therapy for viewers to turn to, becoming a part of that world and forgetting theirs.It is in single drama that we look to be challenged and if soaps began to address the more serious issues, encouraging us to question and conceptualize then I feel the need for single drama would soon disappear. Its not so much the form or content of soap operas that may be detrimental to future welfare of British drama, but the way is dominates our television schedules. The real danger is that other forms of drama with perhaps more important/ meaningful messages may be overlook and that is where we may lose revolutionary television.Its alarming how many hours of soaps and docu-soaps (reality programmes) are choking up vast swathes of airtime like pondweed (Adam Sweeting Soap Springs eternal Guardian website). The former values of Lord Reith seem almost non-existent, for the once preci ous airtime to show variety is now seen as a specified tool for audience shares. The domination of this phenomenon has led television companies to believe that the passably cheap and open ended formats of soap operas are a much safer option than striving to make new original programmes with a challenging voice.The soaps do what they do well, but that doesnt mean that should be the only form of drama on T. V, or that they should be the only sources of dear(p), provoke actors (Christine Geraghty ). Soap operas are beneficial in that they tackle the smaller issues in our society leaving room for other forms of drama to make greater impacts with more challenging storylines, confronting the greater political issues like terrorism and racism. The item that soap operas are continuous and avoid narrative closure would make it more difficult, I believe, to create a strong drama series about a deeply serious and ongoing issue.They are good at showing the domestic issues that many encount er and should rest at that. What is destructive to the welfare of British drama is that television companies are now avoiding more challenging storylines and forms of drama with the fear that they will lose money. Soap operas can easily recover but a single drama either works or flops. I feel that a parallelism is needed in that we have our intake of soap operas but there are so many crowding our television airtime that any more would be a waste and hinder other forms of more serious drama.I find myself also questioning the continuity of its popularity, for if there are too many soap operas then we see the same issues occurring over again and again. The interest may soon die as we seek for more challenging material and thus, the necessity for a balance is vital, in having airtime for escaping into some other world, realistic or not, without having to think to much, and having time for the more serious programmes where we are left questioning.

Cultural Elements in Translation Essay

Different wordings result in different world views. Different languages subscribe their speaker to a certain way of thinking and paying financial aid to certain aspects of the world around them. So explanation is not nevertheless finding the best equivalent but also finding charm ways of saying things in another language. The main problem for a translator is to maintain the local color of source text (foreignization) or to adjust the text according to the culture of the target audience (domestication). sensation of the main goals of literary translation is show the sensibilities of the source-language culture to the target-language audience. Transmitting ethnical elements is not an easy task. The translator should not only be a bilingual but also a bicultural. S/he should be familiar with the authors intentions and readers expectations. S/he should study the history, amicable structure, religion, traditional customs and norms of both source and target texts which s/he is going to translate. Some of the problems which an Indian translator (or maybe any translator) faces during translating culture-specific items argon as follows* Translating proper names* Translating grammatical forms which show respect and euphemism * Translating societal relationships* Translating life-style and values* Translating symbols* Translating habits* Translating national or spectral ceremonies* Translating customs and traditions* Translating religious acts, myths and legends* Translating geographical and environmental phenomenaSo the translator should not stick to word-by-word translation but s/he should substitute certain elements in the work. S/he should attempt to transmit cultural quality from one language to another.

Symptom Recital by Dorthy Graves

In this composition I will be comparing and contrasting ii poems from our fuck poem selections. The two poems I will be using argon Symptom Recital by Dorothy Parker and Symptoms of Love by Robert Graves. These are two of the poems I found most interesting within our selections, because in both Symptom Recital and Symptoms of love both authors depict the feelings their speakers copse with love. In these two poems the differences out weight the similarities. The differences in these poems are truly noticeable.In Symptom yarn Dorothy Parker expresses a womans feelings after a bad break up. Parker expresses the anguish and disgust the woman feels about herself, the hatred and the state of mind she is currently in. Parker then uses metaphors to express the womans thoughts of dismay, such as in line eleven and twelve (Im disillusioned, empty-breasted/ for what I think I should be arrested). These lines parker expresses that the woman is thinking grand thoughts of herself and that these thought could be so terrible that if they were brought to the public she would most by all odds be arrested.While in the previous poem we saw that Parker was expressing the ill feelings of a breakup, now in Robert Gravess poem Symptoms of Love is expressing the feelings and emotions individual endures magical spell going through love. Graves depicts the up and down emotions that love gives. The headaches because of how much the speaker cares for the other. How those headaches turn to Jealousy and nightmares. Graves expresses these in metaphors in line one and four through eight. love is a normal migraine/ Symptoms of true love/ are leanness, jealousy/ laggard dawns/ are omens and nightmares-/ listening for a knock). In these lines Graves shows the emotions of relationships and how they all tie together in one big ball. The similarities both these poems share is the fact that both speakers are showing emotions that come with love. Both the emotions the authors show are tu rmoil, whether it is while currently in the relationship like symptom of Love shows or after the relationship which Symptom Recital expresses.Both of these poems both end in a somewhat happy tune, for example in Symptom recital the whole poem is very upsetting but ends on a positive not that one day the speaker will develop love again. While in Symptoms of love the speaker tone is of how problematic it is to be in love but in the end wouldnt do it for anyone other than the person he shares his love with. In evidence both poems were very strong, emotion filled poems of the hardships and enjoyments of love and a relationship.

How Can We Help Promote tourism in Malaysia Essay

Malaysia has been shoot the breezeed by thousands of tourist from all over the introduction every year. But tourism in Malaysia can be come along developed by promoting many aspects that the country has. Malaysia is a land that has been bestowed with greenery, mountains, beaches and rivers. Its raw(a) landscape itself is a great attraction for foreigners. The sandy beaches in Penang Island, interface Dickson and Morib are holiday retreats for Westerners who are deprived of the sun and sea collectible to the cold weather in their countries. The wind whispering through the lanky shady casuarinas and lapping sea waves are ideal places for visitors in chase of peace and tranquility.There are natural places which prepare special attractions for the foreigners to olfactory perception and enjoy. The Kuala Selangor fireflies is a must to visit. The fireflies in Kuala Selangor are the largest colony in the world. Visitors have to take a boat ride in late evenings to cipher the fire flies, which lit up the trees in the dark. The nocturnal tours in the boats would be a unique experience for any traveler. This unique attraction can be highlighted in the brochures and the websites in the Internet. World- class theme parks like the Sunway laguna and Mines Wonderland must be highlighted also. The Sunway Lagoon, which was once a tin mine, has been transformed into a recreational park.There are also five-star hotels in these places where visitors could enjoy their hinderance there. Kuala Lumpur the capital city is the ideal place to shop because it promises variety , grade and convenience all in one place. Malaysian items like pewter and batik can be found at various places for different levels of budget. name calling of places and malls so that the visitors have and idea where to go for shopping for certain items. only these aspects can be highlighted in the media especially in the Internet so that visitors can get the right information about Malaysia and would w ant to visit our country.

Competitive sport Essay

1. economize a summary of schoolbookual matter edition 1 war-ridden sport for children at the heart of Olympics legacy in ab prohibited 150 words. The text examines the notion and credence of the current position prime attend regarding the necessary for Parliament to incorporate controlling initiatives aimed at ensuring that rivalrous team sports is directly added to the current English primary initiate curriculum. As argued, David Cameron emphasizes that the government should nurture the start outment of a competitive sports nuance as to adhere to the competitive ethos advanced by the recent capital of the United Kingdom Olympics. The prime minister pointed out that the current consequence right later on the Olympic Games could mark a point of inspiration for young children to w maturer sports more regularly in their free time. Accordingly, a unseasoned bailiwick PE curriculum draft had been published in the autumn of 2012 that aimed at introducing an academic sch eme which would enable sustained pupil fleshly activity, competence and habitus development and the provision of opportunities for pupil sports engagement. The text to a fault denotes an estimate work out cost of approximately one billion pounds Sterling for a period of five years to be distributed accordingly for the competitive sports initiative. The text concludes in the prime minister emphasising that the Olympic Game sack be utilize as a clear example for competitive sports, as to renew and revive the competitive ethos of English schools.2. Give an outline of the various attitudes to competitive sport in the three texts. The three texts completely sh be a common theme of competitive sports and the revitalisation of strong-arm education and activities as to encourage healthy conditions from the offspring of the United Kingdom. Text one pointed out that there is clear domineering re-enforcement deriving from both the prime minister and the government to pass legislation aiming to amend the current PE curriculum. Having said that, text 2 attempts to identify that although such reasoning can be deemed optimistically, it is also necessary to establish that sports is not simply a game involving a loser and a winner and that competitive sports and the Olympic games aim to conjure the ideologies of be the best you can be and that the aim of such forcible activities is to send the message of working hard and moving forward. Text cardinal accentuates the necessity to shy a right smart from the competitive attitude from government military position and to emphasize more on achieving a plat crop ofincreased coordination skills for people who struggle with such skills and to promote the legacy of women to perform better in sports altogether. In contrast, however, text three identifies scepticism related to the initiative of incorporating needed competitive sports in the new PE curriculum draft. The text argues that competitive sports are in their very n ature, elitist and that such activities would aim to identify the winners from the losers. It is also argued that close to people would find it more beneficial to refrain from potency pervert or physical strain, as substantially as, embarrassment derived from losing. The author of text three also perceives that the majority of coaches will aim to better the prospects of potential future athletes and this may therefore result in the negligence of slight promising pupils, hence creating an immediate division of pupils into groups. This, in itself, would undermine the finished prospect and notion of creating a heathen ethos related to increasing physical activity and to better the overall health conditions of pupils all around the UK. Hence, the attitudes from all texts have all identified the pros and cons of such initiatives, in which one must(prenominal) consider as to whether such activities should be left to be instinctive or to be made compulsory.3. Comment on the follow ing disceptation from text 3 If the alleged health benefits of sports are to be realised, then(prenominal) it needs to be voluntary and enjoyable. It is of common knowledge to assume that sports can have outstanding results on an individuals physical form and well being. Doctors and physical practitioners all attempt to entice their patients of the several positive benefits from increased physical activity. Having said that, it is also true, in my opinion, that sports should not solely be aimed at being the winner of a game, but quite an an opportunity to enjoy the riveting activities that also aims in establishing and developing mainstay future skills such as discipline, teamwork and aiding those who are less physically or mentally inept to accomplish a common goal. The statement acknowledges my opinion in which sports should not be of a compulsory nature as to be impeding on the factor of enjoying and fun, which in my personal spot is the more primary aim of sports. In conclu sion, the statement simply emphasises the necessity to concentrate not simply on making competitive sports compulsory in primary school, but to leave in the hands of the youth to voluntarily enjoy and join in such activities.4 Because of new find oneselfs, the local school has to introduce competitive sport from the age of seven. Write an article (150-200 words) for the school magazine in which you discuss the positive and cast out consequences of this decision. According to recent news, our local school will be right away introducing a new rule, making it compulsory to play competitive sports from the age of seven. Although many scientists and physical experts share the common opinion that such a move would incur an immediate reduction in the onset corpulency of the United Kingdom, as well as, the possibility of the development a cultural ethos in which individuals are more conscious involving their health and physical ability, I aim to identify otherwise. Even though I may ma ke with what most of us have been taught in PE and biology class involving the aims of physical activity in ensuring a better life style altogether, I feel a bit sceptic. In sports, the outcome always acknowledges a winner and a loser, and personally I prefer not to be titled a loser competitive sports are not for everyone, so to speak. Making such activities compulsory would not only garnish a new wave of winning attitudes but also, as a bi-product, develop a group of losers whose only aim is to find a way to survive or get through a physically demanding competitive sports. There is also the onset likelihood of risk to your physical well being. In conclusion, there are both pros and cons for such a rule to be imposed and that, in my opinion, it should be something which the students and parents also have a say in.

Abortion: Controversial Issues in Society Today Essay

One of the major controversial hacks confronting the society today is miscarriage. I chose abortion as the topic of discourse since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the spring of the human fetus from the mothers womb with an intention to bar the flavour of that fetus prior to its natural birth. Most religious plenty believe that abortion should be completely out(p). They agree with the idea that it is plainly a type of murder and murdering a person is a nuisance and abortion is fairish a different type of killing. Some other, by and large non-religious people believe that abortion should be not be banned and it should be a personal choice whether a women gets an abortion or not.There could be virtually episodes where the women has no choice but to chip in an abortion and considering these circumstances some part of the population believe that abortion should never be banned. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, bearing in mind the different views on abortion I cannot agree with a particular sensation.I chose this issue for discussion to bring to light numerous of the hidden facts and arguments, of which people are incognizant and not very sensitive today. Abortion is a controversial issue lacking of humanity and moral value because of the various motives ass it. hold 1The more you relax, the less pressure and pain you forget feel, she says. Dr. Oyer dilates Annas cervix and turns on the vacuum aspiration machine. She inserts a tube with Annas cervix, and a gentle whirring sound fills the room. She barely has to essay her voice to explain, The cramping you feel is totally normal. Anna lets out a few gasps ahead Dr. Oyer clicks off the machine, signaling the end of the quintuple- indorsement surgery. By Liz Welch for Glamour magazine.P.O.V-In this term the former tries to convey abortion as a simple convenient procedure ignoring the stigma attached to it. The stati ng of the process as a five minute procedure clearly shows the way society has altered the sensitivity of abortion. oblige 2The GOPParty of Quacks.Out of the various layers of falsehoods contained in Todd Akins now-notorious claim that legitimate rape cannot end in pregnancy, one that caused many centrebrows to raise the highest was his contention that doctors had told him that the female body has a way to preclude pregnancy from rape through a vague mechanism he described as shut that whole thing down. Surely no actual doctor would say such a thing, many of us thought. But we underestimated the rights devotion to creating their own set of facts, plunk for up by their own experts.Just as traditionalists remove been fit to pay handsomely for people with impressive-sounding credentials to spread lies about everything from spheric warming to weapons of mass destruction in Iraq, so have they been able-bodied to build up their own little empire of medical doctors who will say an y fool thing about womens bodies and manner of walking it off as science. If anything, the anti-choice movement was instrumental in shaping the conservative approach to science. Anti-choicers were among the first to realize that if the experts and the evidence counter your beliefs, you can full make up your own claims and put them in the mouths of well-credentialed people. Its just as good as the truth Better, even, because it can be forever manipulated to meet crude ideological goals.By Amanda Marcotte.P.O.V Amanda Marcotte is a Brooklyn based self-employed person journalist, grounded on the above article her main focus is on screening resentment towards the conservative party rather than the actual question of abortion. name 3MOSCOW Every year, millions of Russian women undergo an abortion. Russias organisation is making free abortions available to women who fall into several newly define categories, through their twenty second week of pregnancy. Critics of the free abort ions blame Russias declining birth rate on cheap abortions. In the past vi months, twice as many expirys as births have been recorded in Moscow. Of course its sad, express Vaganov. The whole story is sad, the number of abortions quieten being performed is sad, mortality figures are sad. The thing is that you can just cod more of what used to be hidden from the public eye he said. We are just trying not to hide the new realities of life, and we are not neglecting the old ones. P.O.V The journalist is trying to show that the get together states is not the only one facing challenges in abortion and is mayhap biased towards the united states. SourceCable News Network, Inc.2011Article 4.A pregnant leukemia patient who became a flashpoint in the abortion tilt in the Dominican Republic died Friday morning, a hospital official told CNN. The 16-year-old, who had been undergoing chemotherapy, died from complications of the disease, said Dr. Antonio Cabrera, the legal representative fo r the hospital. Her case stirred debate in her country, as her life was potentially at risk because of anti-abortion laws in the Dominican Republic. Doctors were hesitating to give her chemotherapy because such treatment could terminate the pregnancy a infringement of the Dominican Constitution, which bans abortion. Some 20 days after she was admitted to the hospital, she finally began receiving treatment. The case sparked renewed debate over abortion in the Dominican Republic, with some lawmakers calling on officials to reconsider the abortion ban. From Rafael Romo, Senior Latin American Affairs Editor,CNNAccording to Article 37 of the Dominican Constitution, the right to life is inviolable from the moment of conception and until death. Dominican courts have interpreted this as a strict mandate against abortion. Article 37, passed in 2009, also abolished the death penalty. P.O.V The author wants to identify the situations where abortions can be deemed necessary. He tries to convi nce the readers to see the two sides of abortion. He seems to support the notion of legalizing abortion in the Dominican republic.ARTICLE 5Legalized abortion is a national holocaust an irritate to our national character a contradiction of established principles subscribed to from the beginning of Western Civilization an insult to the principles of our Declaration of Independence a whammy of our national spirit and a stench in the nostrils of Almighty God. That we have allowed it to continue for 37 years now alkalis as an indictment against this generation of Americans and bodes ominously for the well-being of our posterity. By Pastor Chuck BaldwinP.O.V-The author is clearly against abortion .As a pastor he takes a religious stand on as he considers it to be unholy. Based on his article he tries to urge the readers to be against any form of abortion.CONCLUSIONAs said by former Surgeon General and a pediatrist Dr. C. Everett Koop, the most common reason for abortion is convenience. Only three to five percent of all abortions performed are for reasons of rape, incest, the possibility of a deformed child, or severe threat to the life of the mother. According to researchers at the Alan Guttmacher Institute, of those obtaining abortions in 1980, 30 percent were under age 20 and 79 percent were unmarried, which shows that abortions in the United States are most often sought as a solution to the problem of pregnancy outside of marriage.The major reason behind most of the abortions is mere inconvenience or unwantedness of the baby seems mean, insensitive and stupid .However the question of whether abortion is right or wrong will confront a controversial issue for everybody has their own point of view on the subject. The ultimate right of choice should lie with the woman who is undergoing the abortion. This remains one of the foremost arguments and is often stated by supporters to be as authorized as the basic right of survival.

Lets Be Lefties For The Day Essay

Today I participated in an appellative designed to help the student to accept that discrimination exists (DeVry College, 2014, week star lecture, p.3). In our society the majority of state are right give therefore severallything is constructed to accommodate that, versus the small minority of people whom happen to be left- go alonged. Spending the day as a left-handed person was a challenge and lead to a lot of frustration and unaccomplished tasks. I was hale to think about diametrical ways to do things, and also note how another(prenominal) people may perceive my capabilities and me. Loosing the use of my right hand was debilitating to me. I could not write down anything that was legible, my hand paternity resembled that of a child. Trying to eat my lunch was interesting, it comes natural to cut your victuals with the knife in your right hand, but its quite ill at ease(p) when you use your left hand. Just has an experiment, the whole experience been quite anomalous to watch myself struggle with the simplest of things.However I did reflect on how other people would see me and how it would affect my performance at work. How would my boss fight back if she saw me struggling with different tasks? How would she handle it? How would I want it handled? Would I be discriminated against because I was in a minority group? disparity is the result of longstanding practices and/or behaviors that have a negative extend to on members of subordinate groups (DeVry College, 2014, week one lecture, p.2). We all know that people can adapt and learn different ways. it is crucial to be sure of diversity in a work place. Diversity is in every aspect of our lifes the workplace. America is made up of hundreds of different ethnicities and definitions of self. It is important that managers and professionals relate and understand the cultures, ethnic and grammatical gender differences.But favorable Action and the Department of Labor have made it more demanding for em ployers and companies to discriminate against aperson on the grounds of cultural, ethnic and gender differences. The American workplace has no choice but to adapt and tweet diversity. The U.S Department of the Interior mandates that all managers and executive programs have a minimum of 8 hours annually of equal employment opportunity and diversity training. Diversity is a non-stop processes, no two people are exactly the same and each person brings with them different experiences and new ideas (Kirkman &Shapito, 2001).By providing education and training to the managers it helps raise more cultural sensitivity and the avoidance of stereotypes. As a supervisor or manager it is important to encourage people to be themselves, because everyone whole kit and boodle better when they feel appreciated and accepted. Productivity is important to every club and performance will improve if people feel supported in their workplace. (Kirkman & Shapito, 2001).ReferencesChamberlain College of Nu rsing. (2014). SOCS350 Cultural diversity in the professions Week 1 lecture. Online Publication.f Nursing (2014) undivided discrimination vs Institutional discrimination Lecture Week 1. http//www.eeoc.gov/policy/docs/national-origin.htmlKirkman, B., & Shapiro, D. (n.d.). The blow of Cultural Values on Job Satisfaction and Organizational committedness in Self-Managing Work Teams The Mediating Role of Employee Resistance. Academy of Managment Journal, 3(44), 557-569.

Exploring the Relationship Between Mother and Baby Essay

Exploring the congenership among stimulate and fumble in the neonatal intense bid social unit in relation to nursing view as.AbstractAim -To explore the effect of interaction related to trade-giving and breeding ex diverseness between nurses and breeds in relation to maternal air and maternal- child relationship in the newborn intensive cargon building block (neonatal intensive care unit) end-to-end the hospital hang on.Background Mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit fix up depression, fear, stress, and loss of moderate, and they hesitate between touch sensationings of inclusion and exclusion related to the provision of health electric charge to their neonate. This literary works re spate helps to identify nursing interventions that promote affirmative outcomes between stupefy and cosset by reducing maternal tintings of stress and anxiety. explore Method A lit expect c either overing the period 2008-2012 was conducted. tail fin articles report ing both(prenominal) quantifiable and qualitative studies relative to the subject were retrieved.Findings Findings bring on that positive and trustful relationships between nurses and mothers develop when nurses communicate and interact with mothers. This alter mothers anxiety and enhanced their confidence when interacting with their frustrate.Discussion biography-sustaining compendium as substantially as force-outs and weaknesses of the relative journals reviewed is given unneurotic with uptakeful recommendations that emerge from the evidence.Conclusion The literature reviewed shows that nurse-mother interaction improves mother- sister relationship. In turn, this exit eventually assist in decreasing maternal stress and improve the maternal well-being.INTRODUCTIONMothers develop trammel to their baby during pregnancy, which progresss and develops much full after the child is born (Cleveland 2009). merely, the pathway to becoming a mother is threatened with the a dmission of the baby to the neonatal intensive care unit. This occurs due to the unfamiliar and intimidating environs of the NICU (Obeidat et al 2009). During the initial admission p arnts quarter believe that the health bid team is more able to carry off for their baby and this empennage bring tinges of inadequacy (Cockfort 2011). As a result, maternal attachment may be delayed by the lack of socialisation between mother and baby as most of the cargon is through with(p) by nurses (Cleveland 2009).DeRouck and Leys (2009), appoint that the pargonnts of an infant admitted to the NICU face challenges including memory access to information, disclosure dynamic(predicate) the diagnosis, treatment and candidate of their newborn, as well as a lack of control over the c atomic number 18 of their newborn.Adding to this distress is the uncertainty of survival or the eventual invasion of the infants condition on later health and well-being. In addition, feeling guilty to mothe r an unhealthy infant creates upkeep of social prejudice. Further, the structure of the NICU places significant barriers on mothers abilities to enact the maternal(p) persona since decision-making and the daily care of the infant is taken over by aesculapian and nursing staff restricting interactions with the babies stripping off their maternal warrant (Cleveland 2009). In fact, when babies are in the NICU, traditional conceptualizations of the parental consumption are altered. The situation demands heightened parental participation man simultaneously placing severe restrictions on parental involvement. In receipt, parents learn to negotiate this tension and traditional definitions of the parental role, which must be continually redefined without their experienceWhat emerges is that the predominant citation of distress is inability of the mother to protect the infant from disoblige and translate appropriate hurt management. (Fenwick et al 2008). A propagate of procedu res ca make use of pain in the neonate creating concerns for the mother, starting from peripheral cannulas,indwelling catheters and intubation to parent a few. In intubated babies, even though morphine infusions are administered, the baby still shows signs of distress during nursing measures. In this case, we administer a little bolus of pain relief prior to nursing so that the baby would be more comfortable.Conversely, Fenwick et al (2008) describes factors that contri just nowe to parents satisfaction in the NICU. These include impudence and psychological jut out, the provision of consistent information, education, surroundal fol low-spirited-up care, appropriate pain management, and parental participation and proximity, as well as physical and spectral condense. whence, it is imperative that nurses should do their best to improve the mothers sense of confidence, competence and corporation with her infant by ungenerouss of guided participation (Domanico et al 2011).John son (2008) nones that skin-to-skin holding or kangaroo care promotes maternal-infant feelings of closeness, builds maternal confidence, and may be a stress-reducing experience for both the mother and infant. Hence the grandness of providing the opportunity for kangaroo care to occur. Hunt (2008), notes that KMC is excessively crucial to stabilize parameters, such as cardio-respiratory parameters whilst being beneficial for maintaining carcass temperature. They add that even the incidence of nosocomial sepsis and the duration of hospital stay decreased with practicing KMC. In addition, Ali et al., (2009), found that Kangaroo mother care excessively showed positive outcomes tocellblocks practicing exclusive breastfeeding.Cockfort (2011) notes that, continuity of care take to be tick offd hence the greatness of corroboration. Therefore, it is suggested that handover should not be rushed, whilst a more comprehensive handover can ensure the smooth transition of care for staff and the family. When parents take questions relating to their baby they feel assured in the competency of staff when information has been passed on correctly. When information is not shared effectively parents can lose trust and the fusion breaks down.In Malta, even though handover of 2 consecutive old age is given, strange advice is still given at times due to the nurses different view-points. Consequently, this collects ward take overings in hunting lodge to clarify important issues so that advice given and dedicate is consistent.In Malta, about(predicate) 373 babies are admitted y proto(prenominal) (Grech et al 2012). In view of the benefits discussed, nurses should do their utmost to improve the overall experience of the mothers of such babies. appear MethodA review of published research consisted of the following stairs broad reading to chance areas of focus, identification of inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature search (appendix 1) and retrieval, critical apprais al and analysis of the research evidence and tax deduction of evidence. Evidence was reviewed with the aims of identifying barriers that affect the motherinfant interaction at bottom the neonatal intensive care unit and how nurses can actively accompaniment attachment. Articles were included if the setting was receivedly in a neonatal intensive care unit (neonatal unit or neonatal intensive care unit) and the participants were mothers of infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units or nurses working within that setting. In addition, All articles were critically canvass with two primary questions in mind (a) What are the of necessity of parents in the NICU? (b) What nursing behaviors support parents in meeting these needs? Articles were also included if they were primary research studies published between 2008 and 2012 and written in the English language.Primary and secondary literature searches were conducted through the EBSCO, ERIC, Sciencedirect and Medline selective in formationbases. The primary search enclosures included NICU, neonatal Intensive make out Unit, family support, parley, nurse and early intervention. The secondary literature search terms included nursing support, efficacy, family, communication, support, neonatal and Kangaroo Mother Care. These terms were utilize and utilised in all possible combinations to perform an extensive literature search of the above mentioned electronic informationbases. Thirdly, a review of references was conducted of the identified articles for any get on studies. xviii articles were found through the search. Six studies met the inclusion criteria of which, 3 were qualitative and 3 quantitative (appendix 2). The subject was limited to the last 5 years. This time mannequin helps in the getting the most recent experiences since NICU is a changing environment especially as regards to technology which personal effects the mothers as well as the nurses.Both quantitative and qualitative studies were found. Both qualitative and quantitative research was conducted to identify what is known about the needs of NICU parents and what behaviours support these parents. Both methods of research were included because of the potential for individually to contribute to a more wind up understanding of this topic.In selecting a research form, investigators should be guided by one overarching consideration whether the design does the best possible job of providing trustworthy answers to the research questions. wholeness needs to note that both studies apply limitations (Cottrell & McKenzie, 2011).In quantitative research, the researchers aim is to fancy the relationship between one variable (an in help slight variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) in a population (Morrow 2009).In line of products to quantitative designs, qualitative designs do not result in mathematical data for statistical analysis (Schira, 2009). In qualitative methods, researchers are interested in interpreting social phenomena and exploring the meanings that people attach to their experiences (Polit and Beck 2010). Moreover, views, attitudes and behaviours may be explored (Wood & Kerr, 2011), through grounded opening as it develops theories that are grounded in the groups observable experiences, but researchers add their own insight into why those experiences exist.Findings dining table 1 includes information about the 5 studies that met the inclusion criteria .Once an infant is admitted into an NICU, many factors account for parental stress. Admission of the infant to the NICU places mothers in a stressful situation where they must cope with the NICU environment and its associated demands.In the get a line conducted by Parker (2011), a grounded theory go up was utilize to understand feeling and stressors of 11 mothers whose new-borns were in the NICU. It was found that the early days shock and numbness accompanied feelings of none or little control over their lives. Moreover, all mothers described feeling unprepared for the premature saving and the sight of their baby in the NICU. Comparative results were found by leeward et al (2009), with regards to the shock experienced with the initial sight of the baby.Everyday freakish changes occur leaving no time for adjustment or preparation. never-ending fears about the life and death of the baby do not descend and several mothers spoke about their experience of always anticipating the death of the baby. These purposes are also reflected in my clinical setting when mothers would be recounting their experience once the babys condition improves. This is in line with the findings of Fenwick et al (2009) and downwind et al (2009). In addition, the findings imply that the positive re self-assurance of the effects of a positive and caring environment and support network between parents and nurses in the NICU is not always evident among every unit.Nicholas-Sargent (2009) found that assurance is the mos t important aspect to be fulfilled. Her quantitative subscribe of 46 mothers found that the length of stay in the NICU and mothers information needs were found to be significantly inversely correlated. Therefore, this suggests that the longer an infant rest hospitalized in the NICU, the less(prenominal) emphasis the mother places on receiving information about the infants condition. This shows that the needs of the mothers in the NICU can change over time. My observations match these findings since mothers familiarise themselves and adapt to the situation. Moreover, they would eventually want to be successful with the care of the baby. This is reflected in the grounded theory analysis conducted by Fenwick et al (2008), utilize semi-structured oppugns.They found that the nurse-mother relationship had the potential to significantly affect how women perceive their connection to the infant and their confidence in caring for their infant which occurred through a three way interactio n. Being successful in their hope to care for the baby, engendered feelings associated with being a real mother. However, not all women in this necessitate were able to successfully employ these strategies. In the situation where the mother perceived herself as quiet and unassertive, and in a placement without any power, it was very rugged to gain the confidence needed in order to be able to openly question, negotiate and direct the care of her infant. Therefore, it is very important to identify these mothers in order to help them by giving them continuous reassurance. This would particularly be required when the situation changes from support needing to encouragement in participation.Lee et al (2009) found that mothers received support from the healthcare professionals and the social networks that mothers make. These helped to create the connections that developed between the mothers and infants making their tour towards parenthood possible. They discover that challenges are f urther compounded in Taiwan, where women are traditionally required to entrust the cultural ritual which includes confinement to the tolerate with a special balanced diet for the firstly month postnatal. Lee et al (2009) utilise the grounded theory approach with in-depth interviews and ceaseless comparison.All interviews were audio-taped and notes were made during and immediately after the interview concerning actions and body language of the mother during the interview. The finding of this direct further indicated that the initial sight of the life-support equipment was shocking. The technological environment created a fearful atmosphere, and the medical equipment attached to their infants ca utilize the mothers further physical separation. The mothers indicated that they were so afraid of the equipment that it took them a long time to be able to insert in their infants care. In turn, this hampered them from establishing positive motherinfant interactions.Chiu and Anderson ( 2008), found that preterm births a great deal negatively influence motherinfant interaction due to lack of physical contact. In addition, they found that skin-to skin contact post-birth has positive effects on infant development. These researchers conducted a randomized controlled discharge (RCT) utilise questionnaires for data collection. In addition, mothers were further video-taped during a feeding session. Ali et al., (2009),highlight the importance of kangaroo care in their RCT where the researchers conducted their ask with one hundred and fourteen infants. This study showed that the infants exposed to kangaroo mother care had an increase in rectal temperature compared to schematic care, in that locationfore having a decreased guess of hypothermia. The mean temperature during kangaroo mother care was of 37 degrees Celsius age the mean temperature during conventional care was of 36.7 degrees Celsius. The data stash away was through stick on questionnaires.DiscussionIn the 3 qualitative studies found, the data was collected through interviews of which 2 were semi-structured while 1 was unstructured. Parker (2011), Fenwick et al (2008) and Lee et al (2008), used the Grounded theory approach. However, while Parker and Fenwick use semi-structured interviews, Lee uses unstructured interviews. In semi-structured interviews there is a topic guide with list of areas or questions to be covered with each respondent. This technique ensures that researchers will obtain all the information required, and gives respondents the freedom to respond in their own words, provide as much specific as they wish, and offer illustrations and explanations. Lee et al (2009) uses ground theory approach but incorporated with unstructured interviews.Unstructured interviews also known as are elastic but are more time-consuming than semi-structured since the interviewer listens and does not take the lead. The interviewer listens to what the interviewee has to say. The intervi ewee leads the conversation (Wood & Ross-Kerr, 2011). However, anonymity for confidentiality which is of utmost importance is not possible. When using unstructured interviews, the researchers come to be able to establish rapport with the participant. The terra firma is that the interviewers confine to be trusted if someone is to reveal intimate life information. This may lead to interviewee open. Also, it is important to realise that unstructured interviewing can bring up a great deal of data which can be difficult to analyse. Lee et al (2008) and Fenwick et al (2008) conducted the interviews themselves while Parker (2011) did not, thus reducing the bias. However, interviewer bias occurs even if someone else is conducting the interview.The get along of mothers in the study of Lee et al (2008) was adequate since with in-depth interviews 20 participants are enough. However, to account for the small sample, more interviews and observations were done with the same participants in order to reach theoretical saturation. Usually informants are selected for in-depth interviews in a purposive manner questioning the generalizability of the results (Wood & Kerr, 2011).A study controversy among grounded theory researchers relates to whether to follow the original Glaser and Strauss procedures or to use the equal procedures of Strauss and Corbin (Polit & Beck 2010). Grounded theory method according to Glaser emphasizes induction or emergence, and the individual researchers creativity within a clear frame of stages, while Strauss is more interested in validation criteria and a systematic approach. Parker (2011) uses the original Glaser and Strauss (1967) paradigm while Lee et al (2008) and Fenwick et al (2008) use Strauss and Corbin (1998) procedures.One of the fundamental features of the grounded theory approach is that data collection, data analysis, and sampling of study participants occur simultaneously. A procedure referred to as constant comparison is used to develop and refine theoretically relevant categories. Categories elicited from the data are constantly compared with data obtained earlier in the data collection surgical operation so that commonalities and variations can be determined. As data collection proceeds, the head becomes increasingly focused on emerging theoretical concerns. All 3 studies use constant comparison.All the above 3 studies use audio-taping for data collection except for Fenwick et al (2008) who used field note documentation as well. Audio-taping enables eye contact to be maintained and to have a complete record for analyses, however, some interviewees may be nervous of tape-recorders. On the contrary, in note taking on the other hand, a lot of eye contact is lost unless a type of short-hand is learnt. However, the interviewer will have plenty of useful quotations for report when transcribing the interview.Randomized controlled trials consist of a complete experimental test of a new intervention, involving the random assignment of a large and varied sample to different groups (Polit & Beck, 2010). The intention of an RCT is to arrive to a judgment as to whether the novelty of an intervention is more effective than the traditional intervention (Polit & Beck, 2010). This intention was well noticed throughout the RCTs chosen by Ali etal., (2009). Wood & Kerr, (2011) sustain that RCTs are the most rigorous method to determine a cause-effect relationship between the treatment and the outcome. Furthermore, RCTs were also described as the gold standard trial for evaluating the effectiveness of a clinical intervention ((Muijs 2010). One of the primary aims of RCTs is to prevent selection bias by distributing the patient, helter-skelter between the two groups, so that the difference in the outcome and results can be justified and attributed only to the intervention under study.Thus, through random selection there is a better balancing of any discombobulate factors, therefore creating similar ity between the groups (Cottrell & McKenzie, 2010). In effect in this literature review, RCTs were found to be useful and beneficial to compare the effect of KMC and conventional care on the physiological aspects of the infant. Ali et al., (2009) chose to add blocking to randomisation so as to ensure a better balance in the number of infants allocated in the groups. These groups were randomized through simple randomization and the disruption of groups was achieved by delivering a concealed envelope technique. Through random sampling, Polit & Beck (2010) explain that each element in the population has an equivalent, autonomous chance of being chosen. However, this design is not used frequently as it is lengthy and may be expensive (Wood & Kerr, 2011).Chiu and Anderson (2008), use mixed methods of data collection by using both questionnaires and video-taped interviews. The use of multiple sources or referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the rightfulness is called trian gulation. This is one approach in establishing credibility as it enables the researcher to subvert the weaknesses in both designs. The use of video-taping provides the most comprehensive recording of an interview since it captures body language, facial expressions and interaction (Gerrish and Lacey 2010). However the interviewee may become awkward and act differently than in normal circumstances questioning the dependableness of the data collected. In addition, questionnaires are the main research tools used in quantitative research. They are very advantageous as they can be constructed in such a way as to meet the objectives of to the highest degree any research project.In the Family Needs Inventory used by Nicholas-Sargent (2009), the not applicable part was removed from the Likert scale in order to report definite opinions. Questionnaires can measure the participants factual friendship about a certain subject or an idea or else they can be used to explore opinions, attitudes or behaviours (McNabb, 2008). Moreover, questionnaires are also less expensive than most other research instruments and are also less time-consuming . Self-administered questionnaires provide the participants with anonymity, and responses are not affected by the interviewers mood or presence (Wood & Ross-Kerr, 2011). On the other hand, the main disadvantage of questionnaires is that there is a high possibility of a poor response rate since some questions are ignored, misinterpreted, incorrectly completed or inadequately detailed (Polit and Beck 2010).The RCT of Chiu and Anderson (2009) and Ali etal. (2009),, is one of the most powerful tools of research where people are allocated at random to receive one of several clinical interventions. However RCTs are vulnerable to multiple types of bias at all stages of their workspan (Geretsegger et al 2012). Hence the need to establish validity and reliability. In the study done by both Ali etal.,(2009) and Chiu and Anderson (2009),the resea rchers increase the rigor on the study by using a large number of participants. In addition, Chiu and Anderson (2009) use the nurse Child Assessment Satellite Training Program (NCAST) ply and Teaching scales. Nicholas-Sargent (2009), improved the rigour by using the Critical Care Family Needs Inventory (CCFNI), as a framework for the FNI. CCFNI has been thoroughly account with results indicating internal consistency and construct validity (Gerrish and Lacey 2010). Despite this, Nicholas-Sargent (2009), use a small scale study and therefore the results cannot be generalized.LimitationsIn the study done by Lee et al (2008), the data were only collected from one hospital in this present study causing generalisability of the results to be low. Moreover, the sample was restricted to those who did not have additional social, cultural or medical circumstances to consider. Moreover, coding was done by researcher itself and this strength have caused some bias. Both Nicholas-Sargent (2009 ) and Parker (2011) use small scale studies but these were qualitative studies.Therefore, to a certain extent the findings cannot be generalized across the population of families involved with the NICU. In addition, Parker (2011) uses a retrospective study, which might have been subject to bias in recalling information. There was absence of pilot study in both Nicholas-Sargent (2009) and Chiu and Anderson (2009). The use of pilot studies helps to assess the design, methodology and feasibleness of the tool and typically includes participants who are similar to those who will be used in the larger research study ( Wood & Kerr 2011). Hence, their importance.Also, the instruments chosen by Chiu and Anderson (2009), being the (NCAST and the feeding and teaching scales) for this study might not be sensitive enough to capture any between-group difference in changes resulting from the intervention.Finally, Ali et al., (2009) wear to mention intention to treat analysis where researchers ca n introduce existence into research by outlining that not all randomised participants will continue throughout the study. Therefore, this might be a potential weakness in this study. It was also noted the there was no detailed report about the time intervals between the two different groups. Hence, this may also have introduced performance bias.In the grounded theory approach taken by Fenwich et al (2008), limitations lie in the method of data collection itself through semi-structured interviews that were taped and field note documentation done. The authors did not acknowledge limitations in the study.Recommendations paternal contactFenwich et al (2008) suggests prioritising maternal-infant closeness when underpinning policies and protocols and suggests the unrestricted access to their child. Lee et al (2008) found that in Taiwan mothers are allowed to visit for 30 minutes twice a day. In Malta, mothers are allowed to stay with the child 24 hours a day. In addition, skin-to-skin c ontact is recommended by both Lee et al (2008) and Chiu and Anderson (2009). The latter suggests that all mothers, if they are able and whether or not they ask for it, skin-to-skin contact should be encouraged. My suggestions on interventions for critically ill infants include back up the parents presence at the bedside, assisting the parents in personalizing the bedside, and teaching the parents to gently touch their infant. some other approach is to hang a simple picture identity card with the first names of nurses and practitioners near the entrance to the unit. This picture board helps anxious families feel welcomed in this healing environment.In our unit, those babies who have central lines such as umbilical arterial catheters (UAC), the mothers are not allowed to hold the baby for fear of bleeding if the UAC gets dislodged. However, if the mother shows signs of needing contact with the baby, we allow her to hold the baby with constant supervision. In the case of babies that are ventilated mothers are only allowed to hold their baby if the prognosis is very poor. Therefore, this shows that, if the baby is on long term ventilation, skin-to-skin is hindered from being introduced.Fenwich et al (2008), recommend the development of tools that can better evaluate the satisfaction of the mother. Hence, the need for longitudinal qualitative research. In my opinion this would yield good results when past experiences would show which improvements were helpful and which were not. NICE standards (2010), specify the use of surveys. We can incorporate these surveys after consideration with the midwifery officer.Mother-nurse-infant interactionBecause of the complexness of illness, parents of critically ill infants are anxious and fear the worst with every visit to the NICU. Strategies need to be adapted to decrease maternal anxiety while supporting the needs of these infants. (Nicholas-Sargent 2009). cling tos play a rattling role in helping parents throughout the stressful and challenging experience of the NICU by developing therapeutic relationships and providing ablaze support. These approaches enable parents to feel more supported, more involved, confident, and more effective as parents of their vulnerable newborn. The experience of parents in the NICU occurs during an emotionally intense period fraught with anxiety, stress, depression, and feelings of hopelessness. Therefore, Nicholas-Sargent (2009) suggests that, it would be vital to do an NICU orientation for expectant parents with a high risk of giving birth to a premature infant or a compromised newborn.Supporting and facilitating their parenting role will help decrease their stress, strain, anxiety, and depression. Lee et al (2008), nurses need to respect the cultural preferences of mothers as this would promote desired health outcomes. This would aid in meaningful, holistic and individualized care. According to Nicholas-Sargent (2009), personalized matched as opposed as opposed t o group support would be helpful. In addition Nicholas-Sargent (2009), suggests that nurse education is needed to improve the awareness of the impact of the hash out service. However, the service needs to be more flexible due to fluctuations in the health condition of the baby. In fact, what we notice is that mothers would require counselling at different stages of the hospitalization.Therefore, if the service was refused once, it may still mean that mothers would need it at some other point in time. Nicholas-Sargent (2009), further suggests that the counselling service would be extended to the whole family from the hospital as well as in the community., Both the DH (2009), and NICE (2010) highlight the importance of Family-Centered Care (FCC) views the family as the childs primary source of strength and support and allows for collaboration, respect, and support with the parents and family during all levels of the service delivery.To foster participation in care for the infant, un restricted visiting hours should be encouraged for the nuclear family of the neonate. In Malta, visiting hours are restricted to parents only due to increase in cross infection when family members were allowed to visit for 1 hour everyday during the day. However, time of care may still be arranged to facilitate parents participation. In addition, special moments such as babys first time off CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) needs to take place during parents presence. Cockfort (2011), highlights that disoriented opportunities to involve parents in care, heighten anxiety and can create a sense of sadness and loneliness .Information for mothersMothers vary in the bar of information they can assimilate under stress. Therefore identifying parents feelings through active listening and observing will help us to pick up on parents cues and respond appropriately in order to provide parents with immaculate and clear information (Fenwick et al 2008). Nicholas-Sargent (2009), adds that, information regarding the health status of the baby needs to be give in a timely provision.Parker (2011), recommends the access to certified interpreters for non-English speaking parents to enable them to ask questions and get the information they need as well as information regarding the counselling services.Likewise, an updated information board at the infants bedside helps mothers retain information while feeling welcome at the bedside. In my opinion, these interventions create an environment that facilitates maternal- infant attachment by promoting maternal competence with meaningful positive parenting skills and fostering fusion in care..ConclusionIn summary, the findings showed that parents of infants admitted to the NICU experience stress, depression, anxiety, and feelings of powerlessness, hopelessness, and alienation within the environment of the NICU. These situations are often overwhelming and catastrophic for the mothers keeping in mind that the process of mother hood is a protecting and loving phenomenon. Therefore mothers should participate in the care of their sick, fragile infant in the NICU through mother-infant interaction.Nurses need to be supportive and informative in dealings with parents in the NICU. Therefore, the need for parents to be given the access of interpretation by certified interpreters in order to overcome language barriers has been identified. Further, information and emotional support is required throughout the stay in the NICU, However, it was further found that information in preparation for discharge planning is vital. This enhances parental knowledge and decreases stress, which promotes more effective parenting.Further, as understanding of the parents experience of having an infant admitted to the NICU increases, nurses will be better prepared to meet parental needs and alleviate parental suffering. Providing holistic, developmentally supportive care and open communication with parents in this stressful experienc e is essential. Moreover, the need for family-centered care has been identified.REFERENCE enumerateAli, M.S., Sharma. J., Sharma. R., & Alam. S. (2009). Kangaroo mother care as compare to conventional care for low birth weight babies. Dicle Tip Dergisi. 36(3), 155-160.Chiu S. & Anderson G.C., (2009). 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Hamlet- Shakespeare dramatises the tension between Passion and Reason Essay

Acts of peevishness and diddles of moderateness can be differentiated by a consciousness of underlying tension, Shakespe ars critical point published in 1601 explores these universal ideologies by dramatizing this underlying tension. crossroads presents challenging theatrical performances of the handed-down values of vexation and motive finished their varying strivings. The representation of these concepts coupled with dramatic tension conflicts with traditional plots of the Elizabethan era thus creating a sense of enduring value. The discordant depictions of dramatized tension that underpin the play, allows issues of warmth and ground to flourish finishedout as is the intention of Shakespeare. Tension emphasises how works of pettishness must incorporate elements of reason in order to confirm that the act is in fact righteous. This is true to the philosophical outlook of Humanism, during Shakespearian times, a practice that emphasized reason and mankind fulfilment i n the natural world often rejecting religious beliefs. critical point struggles with acting in accordance with his humanitarian elements or reverting venture to his traditional religious ways, Act One, impression V, effectively introduces this link amidst passion and reason exacerbated through underlying tension. The device of the touch sensation initially symbolises the disruption of the Great Chain of Being on which the Elizabethan fraternity of the epoch was founded due to the tension created by the passionate detestation of Claudius for the throne. The specter explicitly introduces these concepts through its initial contact with Hamlet and its repetitious, blunt vocabulary So art thou to revenge, when thou shalt hear. Hamlets de inflammationer for his father allows him to inherit this want to commit the passionate act, evident through his illustrationical language which depicts his submission to his fathers ordain kick me to knowt, that I with wings as swift as hy pothesis or the purposes of love may sweet to my revenge. Hamlets repartee is ironic and juxtaposes itself as notions of tension heighten his self-division to act with desire or intent.Though Hamlet wishes to act passionately, his religious beliefs which condemn ghosts along with his Humanist beliefs to not act without purpose lead to his state of inaction. The scene elucidates how reason has aided his prolonged struggle amidst his identity as a Renaissance Man of Thought and Chivalric Man of action. This representation of passion and reason dramatized by tensionallows the play to develop demonstrating how acts of these emotions are pierce with ardent desire that is plagued with logic of Shakespearian autonomy. According to conventions of Elizabethan athletic field braggart soldiers usually played the role of the protagonist, Shakespeare argufys this by employing an intellectual scholarly person as the lead. Through the character of Hamlet, Shakespeare crafts passion as a p article accelerator to act by the requests of the ghost, however portrays the intellectualisation of reason as an inhibitor of this will to act. Hamlets soliloquy in Act Two, Scene II, exhibits the dilemma of the human condition through his psychological tension between globe and private duty pissd by the love for King Hamlet. Hamlet ironically exclaims O what a rogue and peasant slave I am, chiding and degrading his principals and stamina. Hamlets conflict is depicted through rhetorical questions which connote doubt and the direct address of images representative of hell, informatory the confusion of definite incorrupts as a product of reason Whats Hecuba to him, or he to Hecuba, that he should weep for her?. Hamlets repetition of Hecuba alludes to his questioning of Christianity and religious faith which reflects the Elizabethan society of the epoch.Hamlet evidently creates an argument against himself creating a distinguishable divide in thought process, indicated through the conjunction, Yet I. This product of contemplation is portrayed as the driving force of the conflicted soul of Hamlet. Recurring motifs of emptiness And all for nada?, And can say nothing, and the repetition of nothing creates a rotary tone in argument that reinforces contemplation as a form of procrastination from concluding the rivalry with Claudius, thus highlighting the dichotomy between action and inaction and subsequently passion and reason. Hamlets confliction is boost exacerbated as he metaphorically states that he is prompted to my revenge by promised land and hell, must like a whore unpack my heart with words. because blurring the divide between moral and immoral actions as his revenge has been instigated by heaven in its war against the working of hell, visible in Claudiuss achievements. This presents a challenging view of desire and motivation can be halted by reason. Hamlets characterisation as continually self-berating and his inaction are counter-acted by the con cluding rhyming couplet The plays the thing where in Ill catch the conscience of the King. The rhythm of the metaphor alters and gains momentum and speed asHamlet is presumably spurred into action emphasising the ontogeny tension, presenting another challenging dimension to the concept of influence on moral and corrupt supremacy in the 17th century.The play captivates audiences as it presents the light and shade surrounding the complexities of passion and reason, as presented through the dramatized tension allowing the responder to question the values of the time. Order and Hierarchy were prevalent aspects in Elizabethan society, Shakespeare usurps this concept making it a key source of tension throughout the play. In Hamlet, Claudiuss passion for power causes him to commit regicide, an act regarded as sinful at the time and thus causes his emotions of remorse which challenge the nature of his Machiavellian character and defined distinctions of morals. In Act Three, Scene III, Cla udius, uncharacteristically overcome by a deep sense of evil soliloquises metaphorically confessing Oh my offence is rank, it smells to heaven and hath the primal eldest curse upont, a brothers murder. The biblical allusion to Cain and Abel reinforces the religious undertones which contribute to Claudiuss fruition of his fatally flawed morality caused by his notions of reason and identity as a Machiavellian character. The combination of Christian and Pagan imagery besides connotes the notion of tension, challengingly strengthening the passion for self and power as the cause of rivalry and self-division through reason. Through the alliterative comparative adjective My stronger transgression defeats my strong intent, and like a man to double business strangulate, Claudiuss internal struggle is revealed through the simile as he is trapped between the dichotomy of two alternatives which are driven by Hamlets intent to obtain revenge. The notion of defeat in any case suggests battle which connotes his enthrallment of his inner conflict produced by passion. These literary devices are thus used to emphasise the universality and value of the divers(prenominal) perceptions of passion and reason presented.Furthermore, through the soliloquy of Claudius the valued ideologies which plague thought are depicted as a product of the passion of power. Claudiuss crime exemplifies the fundamentally corrupt nature of the Divine Right of King. The hyperbolic interplay of juxtaposing light and dark imagery in the metaphoric rhetorical question What if this give tongue to hand were thicker than itself with brothers blood, is there not rain copious in the sweet heavens to wash it white as reverse? illustrates the irrevocable evil that Claudiushas committed in the murder of King Hamlet, an act of passion later questioned by notions of reason. It is additionally a mortal sin, biblically in all cultures and eras to commit murder, bestowing the play with its universality. Claudiu s concludes the soliloquy through the exploration of binary star opposites and religious allusions My words fly up, my thoughts remain below. Words without thought neer to heaven go, which reinforce Claudiuss deliberate humanisation, contributing to the complexity which underpins the characterisation of all Shakespearean characters and reflective of the notions of reason present during the Elizabethan era.This complexity illuminates the challenging presentation of the traditional values of passion and rivalry. Hamlet is hence a universally valued text because of its diverse representation of traditional values which challenge the audience. Through the initial introduction to the Ghost the intertwining nature of passion and reason exposed through tension, challenges the notion of these concepts as separate values. The soliloquising of Hamlet in Act Two, depicts the over intellectualisation of passion as a product of reason, and its devastating consequences conveying a less(prenomi nal) idealised view of passion which challenges audiences. Moreover, the soliloquising of Claudius in Act Three bring forward reveals an act of passion as a product of reason, presenting a diverse challenging perspective. These notions which oppose tradition bestow Hamlet with its value derived from its universality.

Catching Fire

Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins, this book is number two of the thirst Games series. This book over all was pretty good and I bring forward Im going to read the 3rd. Before I incur to give my reasons for the speech I want to say why I used the colors I did. I used a char back ground because she is being thrown into this unknown world once more when she really should be living a life of luxury provided because she outsmarted the game makers this is what she gets.I used Red yellow and orange for the colors of the words because of the books name, how it looked against the black and the book is overall about fighting and when I weigh of fighting and death those are some of the colors that come to mind. I picked the word I did because I felt they really had mixed meanings in the book. What I mean by this is that things can be good and rough all at the same time. Rebellious is one of the most ineffective words because the book has mostly to do with rebellion.Katnesss mocking jay it self has been a sign of rebellion because the quite a little love what she did in the starve games last time and the capitol is going to try and make sure that it doesnt happen again. Battle and rebellious go croak in hand with Katness. That is here personality in general not upright laying down and giving up in the hunger games when she was all merely hunting in the woods even though she could have been caught and whipped safe like gale was.Its just the person she is and through out the hale book. I think Killed is in any case a good word to delineate this book. This is a word with mixed meanings. Peeta is dead its a deplorable and a good thing. Its bad because hes dead and that just not good but its also good because Katness can keep back pretending to have this love with Peeta even though it is actually go along that she is in love with gale.It lets her be true to her self and gale witch is very important because she is not one who likes to live a lie. Brave i s also another great word to describe a lot of people in this book. The hunger games is a hard thing to go through knowing that you could be killed at any time and in that respects not much you can do about it is a hard thing. Also Katness and Peeta going up against people who have been training there whole life for the games just inset fair.

Relative Reactivity of Alkyl Halides

Relative Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Introduction Nucleophilic interchange of alkyl halides can proceed by two different mechanisms the SN2 and the SN1. The purpose of the experimentation was to discover the make that the alkyl congregation and the halide- divergence congregation live with on the range of SN1 chemical reactions, and the effect that the solvent has on the localizes of SN1 and SN2 reactions. The SN1 mechanism is a two-step nucleophilic substitution, or unimolecular displacement. In the rootage step of the mechanism, the carbon copy-halogen chemical bond breaks and the halide ion leaving group leaves in a slow, rate-determining step to form a carbocation liaise.The carbocation intermediate is then immediately detained by the weak nucleophile in a fast, hour step to give the mathematical crossing. A solution of ethyl inebriant with some fluid medal nitrate may be added provided the weak nucleophile the alcohol. If an SN1 reaction occurs, the alky l halide go away dissociate to form a carbocation, which will then react with the neutral spirits to form an ether. Since there is non a unassai science lable nucleophile present, the cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond is encouraged by the formation and precipitation of silver bromide.The halide ion will unite with a silver ion from the silver nitrate to form a silver halide precipitate, which will advise that a reaction has occurred. + AgBr + NO3- Figure 1 The SN1 mechanism of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane and silver nitrate. The nucleophile would render been ethanol while the silver nitrate would have disassociated to form a silver halide precipitate. The more stable the carbocation, the quicker the reaction. Therefore, SN1 reactions liking third substrates most, followed by secondary, and lastly base.Because the strength of the nucleophile is unimportant, an ionizing solvent is needed. Water is the best(p) solvent, followed by methanol, ethanol, propanol, and lastly acetone. In experiment two, the tertiary 2-bromo-2-methylpropane was the most successful reactant followed by the secondary 2-bromobutane, the primary 1-bromobutane, and the primary 1-chlorobutane. This order is determined by whether the molecule is primary, secondary, or tertiary. 2-bromo-2-methlypropane + AgNO3 + (CH3)2CO AgBr + ethyl-t-butylether + isobutylene Figure 2 The SN2 mechanism of 2-bromo-2-methlypropane with AgNO3 in (CH3)2CO.The SN2 reaction mechanism is a one-step, bimolecular displacement in which the bond-breaking and bond-making processes occur simultaneously. The SN2 reaction requires a strong nucleophile. The order of reactivity is the arctic of the SN1 reaction because the nucleophile essential attack from the back, and is favored with the least steric hindrance. The halide attached to a primary carbon is easier to attack from the back. In experiment one, the 1-chlorobutane was the most favored reactant followed by the primary 1-bromobutane, the secondary 2-bromobutan e, and the tertiary 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.This order is determined by whether the molecule is primary, secondary, or tertiary. SN2 reactions are particularly sensitive to steric factors, since they are greatly retarded by steric hindrance (crowding) at the site of reaction. In general, the order of reactivity of alkyl halides in SN2 reactions is methyl 1 2. The 3 alkyl halides are so crowded that they do not generally react by an SN2 mechanism. 1 1-chlorobutane and NaI-acetone 1-iodobutane + NaCl (precipitate) In general, weaker bases make better leaving groups.SN1 and SN2 reactions show the homogeneous archs, but SN1 is more sensitive. The reactants favored in the SN2 mechanism are the opposite of the SN1 reaction. the primary 1-chlorobutane was most favored, followed by the primary 1-bromobutane, the secondary 2-bromobutane, and tertiary 2-bromo-2-methylpropane. remit 1 Table of Reagents with molecular weight, density, melting point, and boiling point. Name molecular Wei ght (g/mol) Density (M/V) Melting point (C) Boiling point (C) 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 137. 02 g/mol 1. 22 g mL? 1 -16C 73C 2-bromobutane 137. 02 g/mol 1. 55 g mL? 1 -113C 91C 1-bromobutane 137. 02 g/mol 1. 2676 g mL? 1 -112C 99-103C 1-chlorobutane 92. 57 g mol? 1 0. 89 g/mL -123. 1C 78C NaI 149. 89 g/mol 3. 67 g/cm3 661C 1304C AgNO3 169. 87 g mol? 1 5. 35 g/cm3 212C 444C Methanol 32. 04 g mol? 1 0. 7918 g/cm3 -97. 6C 64. 7C Ethanol 46. 07 g mol? 1 0. 789 g/cm3 ? 114C 78. 37C Propanol 60. 10 g mol? 1 . 803 g/mL -126C 97-98C acetone 58. 08 g mol? 1 0. 791 g cm? 3 -93C 56-57C, NaOH 39. 9971 g mol-1 2. 13 g/cm3 318C 1388C Phenolphthalein 318. 2 g mol? 1 1. 277 g cm? 3 260 C NA Experimental For part A, four clean discharge pipings were acquired and numbered 1-4. Five drops of from all(prenominal) one of the following reagents were added to the screen out tubings in numerical order 2-bromo-2-methylpropane, 2-bromobutane, 1-bromobutane, 1-chlorobutane. Twenty drops of NaI in acet one were added to for separately one campaign tube, the time of the first drop was recorded, and the tubes were mixed. The direct time of the first sign of sloppiness in from separately one turn up tube was noted. The exact time of the first sign of precipitation was noted.If no reaction occurred within five minutes, the test tube was placed in a warm body of pee bath. No color change was observed, barely a change in cloudiness of the solutions. For part B, the test tubes were rinsed with ethanol and then the same amount of each alkyl halide was placed into each test tube. Twenty drops of silver nitrate in ethanol was added to each of the four test tubes, and the exact time that the first drop was added to each test tube was noted. The exact time of the first sign of cloudiness in each test tube was noted. The exact time of the first sign of precipitation was noted.If no reaction occurred within five minutes, the test tube was placed in a warm pee bath. No color change was observed, only a change in cloudiness of the solutions. For part C, four clean test tubes were acquired and numbered 1-4. 1 mL of 11 methanol and water was added to the first test tube 1mL of 11 mixture of ethanol/water was added to the second test tube 1mL of 11 mixture of 1-propanol/water was added the the tercet test tube and 1 mL of 11 mixture of acetone/water was added to the fourth test tube. Three drops of . 5M NaOH and three drops of 1% phenolphthalein were added to each test tube.Three drops of 2-bromo-2-methylpropane were added to each test tube, and the exact time that the first drop was added to each tube was noted. The tubes were swirled, and the disappearance of the pink color was observed. The final color of each solution was yellow. Results Table 2 Reaction times pertaining to SN2 reactions, SN1 reactions, and the solvent effects on SN1 reactions. Part A (SN2 reaction with NaI) Time in seconds 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 97 seconds 2-bromobutane 95 seconds 1-bromob utane 71 seconds 1-chlorobutane 86. 7 secondsPart B (SN1 reaction with AgNO3 in ethanol) Time in seconds 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 34. 6 seconds 2-bromobutane 49 seconds 1-bromobutane 80 seconds 1-chlorobutane 905 seconds Part C (Solvent effects on SN1 reaction with. 5M NaOH and phenolphthalein) Time in seconds Methanol/water 11 129 seconds Ethanol/water 11 97 seconds Propanol/water 11 93 seconds Acetone/water 11 90 seconds Discussion In experiment A, the results followed the trend hypothesized for SN1 reactions in the introduction. The primaries stainless first, followed by secondary, and lastly tertiary.The primary 1-bromobutane completed first, followed by the primary 1-chlorobutane. The secondary 2-bromobutane completed third, and the tertiary 2-bromo-2-methylpropane terminate last. The 1-bromobutane spotless forwards the 1-chlorobutane because bromine was a better leaving group than centiliter. This is because bromine is bigger and less electronegative than chlorine. Therefo re the bromine did not form as tight of bonds with carbon as chlorine, and could more easily leave the group. In experiment B, the results followed the trend hypothesized for SN2 reactions in the introduction.The tertiary finished first, followed by secondary, followed by the primaries. 1-bromo-1-methylpropane finished first because of its tertiary nature. The secondary 2-bromobutane finished second. The primary 1-bromobutane finished third, followed by primary 1-chlorobutane. The rate-limiting formation of the carbocation decided this pattern. The 1-bromobutane finished forrader the 1-chlorobutane because bromine was a better leaving group than chlorine. In experiment C, the results did not follow the trend hypothesized for the solvent effects on the SN1 reaction.Methanol should have finished first, then ethanol, then propanol, and lastly acetone. The results were the exact opposite acetone finished first, then propanol, then ethanol, and lastly methanol. The boiling points of the solutions were responsible for this result. The bottles containing the solutions must have been left open for a prolonged period of time before use to allow evapo symmetryn. The acetone, propanol, and ethanol must have been mainly water, and so finished earlier than methanol. The first error pertained to experiment C. The results were backwards, and had to have been due to the boiling points of the solutions.The solutions that evaporated the most before the experiment finished quickest because of the ratio of water to the specific solution. The error could have been corrected by make the solutions before lab. The second error pertained to experiment B. The experiment was performed twice because the test tubes were not floped with ethanol between uses. The use of water to wash the test tubes sped up the reactions because water was the best solvent for the SN1 reactions. The use of ethanol to wash the test tubes had little effect on the rate of the reactions because it was the th ird best solvent after water and methanol.Conclusion The purpose of the experiment was to identify the effects that the alkyl group and the halide leaving group had on the rates of SN1 and SN2 reactions, and the effect that the solvent had on the rates of SN1 reaction. The purpose was achieved because the tertiary alkyl group sped up the SN1 reaction most, while the primary alkyl group sped up the SN2 reaction most. The effect of the halide-leaving group was established because bromine was bigger and less electronegative than chlorine, which allowed bromine to leave the group sooner than chlorine due to the less strong bonds of bromine.The solvents effect on the rates of the SN1 reaction was due to the encouragement of the cleavage of the carbon-halogen bond, instead of the use of a strong nucleophile. An improvement for the experiment would have been to mix the solvents just before lab to reduce the amount of solvent that boiled off at means temperature. More accurate measurements such as 1 mL mensural in the graduated cylinder would have been more precise and consistent than the addition of a specific number of drops. References The SN2 Reaction. University of Texas Educational Website. 11 family 2012. Web. 1 March 2013. http//iverson. cm. utexas. edu/courses/old/310N/spring2008/ReactMoviesFl05%20/SN2text. html Questions 1. What would be the major product if 1-bromo-3-chloropropane was to react with NaI in acetone? Explain. 1-iodo-3-chloropropane would be the major product. This substitution reaction works best for primary alkyl halides. The bromide ion is a better leaving group than chloride ion. 2. In the reaction of 1-chlorobutane with CN-, the reaction rate is increased by the addition of catalytic amount of NaI. Explain the result. The I- ion replaces the Cl to form 1-iodobutane.The iodo group is a better leaving group than the chloro group and hence the reaction goes faster. 3. What would be the major product if 1,4-dibromo-4-methylpentane was allo wed to react with a. ) unmatchable equivalent of NaI in acetone? Iodide is a strong nucleophile but a weak base, so SN2 is the preferred reaction. Only the bromine on C1 is legal to undergo SN2, so it will be replaced by iodide. b. ) One equivalent of silver nitrate in ethanol? Silver ion tends to receive a halide ion and leave a carbocation, which means E1 and SN1. If theres only one equivalent, then the tertiary bromide on C4 is the one that will go.The resulting carbocation can give E1 products 5-Br-2-Me-2-pentene (major, trisubstituted) and 5-Br-2-Me-1-pentene (minor, disubstituted). SN1 product 5-bromo-2-ethoxy-2-methylpentane. 4. What causes the color change in part C? The formation of the hot after the addition of the base NaOH and an acid-base indicator may be visibly observed when the reaction has completed. As the reaction proceeds, for every molecule of alcohol produced, there is one molecule of acid produced as well. This means that as the reaction proceeds the acid begins to neutralize the base, once enough product and